συνοδικός
March 27 / March 14
2019 (7527)
ST. BENEDICT OF NURSIA, ABBOT (543). ST. EUSCHEMON, BISHOP OF LAMPSACUS (9TH C.). ST. ROSTISLAV-MICHAEL, PRINCE OF KYIV (1167). ST. THEOGNOSTUS, METROPOLITAN OF KYIV AND ALL RUS (1353)
Μεγάλη Τεσσαρακοστή • GREAT 40 DAYS • Μεγάλη Νηστεία • GREAT FAST
Third Week of the Great Lent. DAY 17
• The Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos of St Theodore母像 ("FEODOROVSKAYA") 费奥多若夫斯卡娅 (1239 and 1613)
Σύναξις Ὑπεραγίας Θεοτόκου τοῦ Θεοδώρου ἐν Ρωσίᾳ
The Theodorov (Feodorov) - Kostroma Icon of the Mother of God was written by the Evangelist Luke and is close in iconography to the Vladmir Icon of the Mother of God. This icon received its name from Great Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (1246) the father of Saint Alexander Nevsky, and who received in holy Baptism the name Theodore (Feodor) -- in honour of Saint Theodore Stratelates. The wonderworking Theodorov Icon of the Mother of God -- with the blessing of his father -- was constantly with Saint Alexander, and it was his prayer-icon. The Theodorov Icon is two-sided. On the reverse side -- is the image of the holy GreatMartyress Paraskeva, depicted in the splendid attire of a princess. It is conjectured, that the image of Paraskeva on the reverse of the icon is connected with the spouse of Saint Alexander Nevsky.
The details entered into the Roman Martyrology are from the Acts of Saints Processus and Martinian.
• Hieromartyrs ACEPSIMAS Bishop of Honita in Assyria, JOSEPH Priest of Bethcatuba, and AITHILAHAS a deacon of Beth-nudra, famed for eloquence, sanctity, and learning (380)
• MM FELICISSIMUS, DATIVUS, JUCUNDUS and FRONTINA at Nicomedia
• MM PION, ISIDORUS, his sister and THEODOSIUS at Alexandria
• Martyrs ALEXANDER, PALATIN the Eunuch, BASILIUS, FRONIMOS, DIONYSIUS and FRONTONUS the "Basilikoi" (the Emperor's men) in Thessaloniki (286/305) // MAR 14 //
Οἱ Ἅγιοι Ἀλέξανδρος, Διονύσιος καὶ Φρόντων οἱ Μάρτυρες οἱ βασιλικοί
• Martyrs BASIL and EUPHRASIUS together with other Christians in Thessaloniki Οἱ Ἅγιοι Βασίλειος καὶ Εὐφράσιος οἱ Μάρτυρες
• Martyrs PETER and APHRODISIUS (5th c.) under the Arian Vandals in North Africa Οἱ Ἅγιοι Πέτρος καὶ Ἀφροδίσιος οἱ Μάρτυρες
• Hosiosmartyrs 2 Monks of Valeria (5th c.) in Italy
In the province of Valeria in Italy two monks were slain by the Lombards by being hanged on a tree. Although dead, they were heard singing psalms even by their enemies.
• Hieromartyrs Deacon together with 2 monks by the Lombards (6th c.)
His real name lost, he was a deacon in the Marsi in central Italy. He was martyred together with two monks by the Lombards.
• Martyr EUSTATHIUS (Eutychius) 艾弗斯塔提 and his Company at Carrhae, Mesopotamia (741)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Εὐτύχιος ὁ Μάρτυρας καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ μαρτυρήσαντες
This sizable group of martyrs was put to death by the Islamic at Carrhes, Mesopotamia, for refusing to deny Christ.
• New Hieromartyr presbiter BASIL 瓦西里 (1943)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ ἐν Πύδνῃ
• Venerable ANDREAS (Andrew) of Russia (1820)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀνδρέας ἐκ Ρωσίας
• 圣本笃 Venerable Abbot BENEDICT 文奈迪克特 of Nursia (480-543) Patriarch of Western Monasticism // 11 JUL TR REL // 14 MAR // 21 MAR // 4 DEC //
Ὁ Ὅσιος Βενέδικτος ὁ ἐκ Νουρσίας
可敬的文奈迪克特
文奈迪克特于公元480年出生于意大利努尔西雅省的一个富有显赫的家庭。他在学的时间不长，因为他认为，学识不多的人就不会“自以为是”。离开学校之后，他成了一个“没有学问的聪明人、一个明白事理的蠢人。”，并隐居到了修道院，一位名叫罗马努斯的修士为他行了剪发礼。之后，他前往深山的一个洞穴中隐居了三年的时间，期间他的灵魂进行了艰难的斗争。罗马努斯为他带来面包，用绳索将面包放到他的洞口之处，让他拿取。后来，文奈迪克特被众人知晓，为了远离虚荣，他只好离开这个山洞。他对自己非常苛刻，有一次，肉体之不洁净的欲望抓住了他，他脱去了所有的衣服，赤身裸体地在荆棘上打滚，直到同女人的任何欲望都消失为止。上帝赋予了他很多恩典：悟道、医治病人、驱魔、使人起死回生、向人显现、以及解梦等。还有一次，他发觉有人在他的酒杯了下了毒药，于是他向酒杯画十字，酒杯立即爆炸了。起初，他修建了12座修道院，每座修道院能够容纳12名修士。之后，他又创立了与众不同的文奈迪克特修会，目前这个组织在罗马教会依然存在。在他临终前6天，他叫人将早先为他已经准备好的陵墓打开，因为这位圣人已经预示到了他的死亡已经临近了。他召集了所有的修士，为他们在临别之前赠言，而后魂归天国，他服侍主的一生是在贫穷和纯洁中渡过的。他的亲妹妹朔拉斯蒂卡也是一名修女，她看到了自己兄长的修行，并以他为榜样，最终达到了近乎完美的灵修境界。在文奈迪克特离世的时候，有两位修士同时看到了异像：这两名修士一个在路上，另一个在他遥远的庵室中，但是他们两人都同时看到了同样的异像：他们同时看到了贯通天地的道路，上面覆盖着极为珍贵的饰物，在两旁站着手持火把照明的人。路的尽头之处站着一位美得无法形容的人，对这两位修士说，这是上帝为他所喜爱的文奈迪克特所预备的。这两位兄弟明白了，深受众修士爱戴的文奈迪克特返回了天家。时为公元543年。
His name, Benedictus, means "Blessed" in Latin. Born to the Roman nobility. Twin brother of Saint Scholastica. Studied in Rome, Italy, but was dismayed by the lack of discipline and the lackadasical attitude of his fellow students. Fled to the mountains near Subiaco, Italy, living as a hermit in a cave for three years; reported to have been fed by a raven. Friend of Saint Romanus of Subiaco who lived as a nearby hermit; spiritual teacher of Saint Placid. Benedict's virtues caused an abbey to request him to lead them. Founded the monastery at Monte Cassino, where he wrote the Rule of his order. His discipline was such that an attempt was made on his life; some monks tried by poison him, but he blessed the cup and rendered it harmless. He returned to his cave, but continued to attract followers, and eventually established twelve monasteries. Had the ability to read consciences, the gift of prophesy, and could forestall attacks of the devil. Destroyed pagan statues and altars, drove demons from groves sacred to pagans. At one point there were over 40,000 monasteries guided by the Benedictine Rule. A summation of the Rule: ORA ET LABORA "Pray and work." Scholastica became the first Benedictine nun and set up a nunnery at Plombaria, about five miles from Monte Cassino. Brother and sister used to meet once a year at a house some distance from his monastery. On his last visit Scholastica, sensing perhaps that the end was near for both of them, asked him to stay longer to discuss the joys of Heaven. When he declined, she prayed God would come to her help. Almost immediately a storm blew up. Benedict and his fellow monks could not leave. Benedict said, "God forgive you, sister. What have you done?" She replied, "I asked a favour of you and you refused. I asked God and he has granted it." They spent the night as she had wished. Three days later she died. Benedict himself seems to have died quite soon after that.
努西亚的聖本篤（480年－547年），又译圣本尼狄克，意大利羅馬公教教士、圣徒，本笃会的会祖。他被誉为西方修道院制度的创立者。本笃出生于意大利贵族家庭。其青年时，赴罗马读书。因社会风气不好，于是离开罗马，在苏比亚科的山窟里过彻底的隐修生活。後被一位神父发现，于是不断有人前来请教灵修事务。当时维可瓦罗的一个隐修院，院长去世后，无人替理。众修士遂请本笃去主理院务。但因其严厉的院规而遭修士不容。修士們起意謀害他。他們指派修士手持毒酒請他祝福，當聖本篤抬手在杯上劃十字聖號時，酒杯竟立即破裂粉碎。此次事件後，他離開了这个修院，回到苏皮亚的洞窟。由於許多失志隱修的志士前來求教，他欣然地收留他們，把他們分組成小型的靈修團體。其後本篤依此形式在苏皮亚陸續建立了十二座隱修院。529年，本笃在卡西诺山感化当时信奉异教的民众，捣毁其神庙，并在神庙遗址上创建本笃修道院（该修院在二战期内被炸毁)。聖本篤529年於卡西諾山的會院中以拉丁文完成本篤會規的撰寫，平衡了敬虔的追求靈命及兼顧人性的軟弱。 会规十分严厉，重视体力劳动，但反对过分的形式上的苦修。這部本篤會規奠定了西方隱修生活的模式，他因此被尊為「西方隱修之祖」。他是西方修道主義的改革者。他的修道院規條合乎中庸之道。修道生活著重敬拜、工作與研讀。其制度為義大利、英國、德國及法國的修道院所遵行。修士在修道院的生活以「本篤會規」為圭臬。每個人沒有任何理由隨心己欲做事。院長，應該要帶頭過敬拜的生活，恪守規條，成為修士們的榜樣。所做的每一件事均直接向上帝負責。勸誡:若有弟兄不照會規行事，讓他按著主的戒律私底下由他的上司記警告兩次。並沒有改進，則在大庭廣眾之前加以申斥。若他不知錯，而實際有犯錯，則施以體罰。若他知所犯的錯之嚴重性而不肯悔改，則應以開除教籍。彼此服事:修士在生活中，工作輪流彼此服事，每一件應做之事不能以任何理由逃避。尤其是廚房的事。以實質的食物獲得，讓修士可以沒有過重的負擔、或負面的心態服事他的弟兄。用餐秩序:用餐時要完全安靜，除了讀經的聲音外，不能發出任何聲音，必要時用手語。持物原則:睡眠的用品一組就夠。生活必需品一律由院長分發，不可以持有院長分發物品以外的東西。不許擁有私人財物。 院長會時常檢查床舖，若查到時加以嚴厲處罰。照顧病弱:身體健康時，少洗澡。但當生病時，享有洗澡特權，隨時可洗。平時戒吃肉，但生病時，則可吃肉。肉是給病人及弱者食用。當病情好轉時，應和平常一樣戒肉。重視睡眠及學習:每年11月1日至復活節，在晚上第八個時辰起床。休息比平常多一點。保持好睡眠品質。晚禱後，多出來的時間，用於學習。時間安排:一天七次的讚美時候如下：早禱、第一時辰、第三時辰、第六時辰、第九時辰、晚禱、夜晚禱告。 在固定時間做手工、讀經。硬體建設:修道院盡量建設得完備，使修士生活起居都滿足於修道院。建立學校:訓練服事神的人，訓練服事主的人走窄門，幫助願意事奉主的人走在主心意中服事主。遗迹:聖本篤和他妹妹聖思嘉的墓地，位於現今卡西诺山上本笃修道院大殿的地窖，即大殿主祭台的正下方。评价:本笃本人言行一致，受人尊敬。并相传他在世时显过很多灵迹，如预言未来等。
• BONIFACE Curitan (also known as Boniface Kyrin or Boniface Kyrstin) (660) Bishop of Ross, very likely a Roman by birth, he enlightened the Picts and Scots. He is said to have founded a great many churches
Ὁ Ἅγιος Βονιφάτιος Ἐπίσκοπος Ρὸς τῆς Σκωτίας
Bishop of Ross, Scotland. Evangelized the Picts and Scots. Introduced Roman liturgy, observance and monastic discipline into the region. Found many churches in the northern British Isles.
• BRIGID of Scotland (7th c.)
There may be a possiblity, that Brigid of Abernethy is a manifestation of the cult of Saint Brigid of Kildare in Scotland.
• Venerable Abbot EINHARDUS (Eginhardus, Einhard, Eginhard) 艾因哈德 of Seligenstadt (770-840) a Frankish scholar and courtier. Einhard was a dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main work is a biography of Charlemagne, the Vita Karoli Magni, "one of the most precious literary bequests of the early Middle Ages
艾因哈德（770年－840年3月），法兰克王国史学家，“卡洛林文艺复兴”的代表人物之一。出生于法兰克东部的莫因格维，家境殷实。779年，9岁的他被送进富尔达修道院学习，791年或792年被院长鲍古尔富斯推荐至查理宫中供职，受到阿尔昆的教益，成为卡洛林文艺复兴的后起之秀。794年当上了查理的侍从秘书，并参预机要。查理死后，他继续留在其子虔诚者路易的宫廷，恩宠不衰。830年，由于他不愿意卷入路易的3个儿子之间的混战，毅然离开了宫廷，来到他自己创建的塞利根施塔特修道院隐居，潜心著述，直至840年3月14曰去世。他曾破例同时兼领过几个修道院的院长职务，这原是教会宗规所不容许的事情。
Einhard was educated after 779 in the monastery of Fulda; his brilliance was soon recognized, and he was sent to Charlemagne’s Palace School at Aachen in 791. He quickly became the trusted friend and adviser of the king and even proved to have a good deal of architectural skill, which he applied to the construction of the royal palace at Aachen. His political prominence increased after Charlemagne’s death in 814 and the succession of Louis I the Pious, whom Einhard had been influential in raising to the throne. At that time Einhard was made abbot of several monasteries and was granted extensive lands. Einhard probably wrote his Vita Karoli Magni (“Life of Charles the Great”) about 830–833, after he had left Aachen and was living in Seligenstadt. Based on 23 years of service to Charlemagne and research in the royal annals, the book was expressly intended to convey Einhard’s gratitude for Charlemagne’s aid to his education. Following the model of Suetonius’ Lives of the Caesars, and particularly the “Life of Augustus,” the work was composed in an excellent Latin style and analyzed Charlemagne’s family, his foreign and domestic achievements, his personal tastes, the administration of his kingdom, and his death. The Vita Karoli Magni is brief and limited in scope and detail, but it provides a generally accurate and direct account of the period. As an example of the classical renaissance at the Carolingian court and as the first medieval biography of a lay figure, the work was highly admired and copied in its own time. Einhard was married to Emma, of whom (as of most laywomen of the period) little is known. There is a possibility that their marriage bore a son, Vussin. Their marriage also appears to have been exceptionally liberal for the period, with Emma being as active as Einhard, if not more so, in the handling of their property. It is said that in the later years of their marriage Emma and Einhard abstained from sexual relations, choosing instead to focus their attentions on their many religious commitments. Though he was undoubtedly devoted to her, Einhard wrote nothing of his wife until after her death on 13 December 835, when he wrote to a friend that he was reminded of her loss in every day, in every action, in every undertaking, in all the administration of the house and household, in everything needing to be decided upon and sorted out in my religious and earthly responsibilities. Einhard made numerous references to himself as a "sinner", a description of himself that shows his Augustinian influenced world view. To assuage such feelings of guilt he erected churches at both of his estates in Michelstadt and Mulinheim. In Michelstadt he also saw fit to build a basilica completed in 827 and then sent a servant, Ratleic, to Rome with an end to find relics for the new building. Once in Rome, Ratleic robbed a catacomb of the bones of the Martyrs Marcellinus and Peter and had them translated to Michelstadt. Once there, the relics made it known they were unhappy with their new tomb and thus had to be moved again to Mulinheim. Once established there, they proved to be miracle workers. Although unsure as to why these saints should choose such a "sinner" as their patron, Einhard nonetheless set about ensuring they continued to receive a resting place fitting of their honour. Between 831 and 834 he founded a Benedictine Monastery and, after the death of his wife, served as its Abbot until his own death in 840.
• Comm. of the Martyrdom of St EUDEXIA (Eudocia, Eudoxia, Evdokia, Eudokia or Eutychia) of Heliopolis, Pen., HM, Abs. (152)
Ευτυχία
• Hieroconfessor EUSCHEMON (Euschemos) Bishop of Lampsacus (839)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Εὐσχήμων ὁ Ὁμολογητής Ἐπίσκοπος Λαμψάκου
圣艾弗斯希蒙，兰普萨科城的主教
在圣像破坏运动时期，艾弗斯希蒙遭到了迫害，并被投入到监狱中。艾弗斯希蒙在圣像破坏者德奥斐洛皇帝在位期间去世（公元829-842年）。
At the time of the Iconoclastic controversy Euschemon endured persecution and imprisonment. He died during the reign of Emperor Theophilus, the Iconoclast (829-842 A.D.).
• FLANNAN of Cill-Ard
Many places, called Killard, are known, in different parts of Ireland.
• Martyr FLORENTIUS in Thessaloniki, by fire
Ὁ Ἅγιος Φλωρέντιος ὁ Μάρτυρας ἐν Θεσσαλονίκῃ
• Virgin FLORENTINE of Spain (630)
• FRONTINA
• Repose of Blessed JOHN Fool for Christ of Yurievets (1893)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ διὰ Χριστὸν Σαλός
• LAZARUS (Lazzaro) of Milan (450)
Archbishop of Milan, Italy c.439, a time when invading Ostrogoths controlled the area. May have developed and certainly popularized the Rogationtide litanies; originally devised to ask for protection from the Ostrogoths, over time the devotion spread throughout Europe. His February feast day is due to the Milanese custom of not celebrating saint days during Lent.
• Hieromartyr bishop LEO under the Arians, in the Agro Verano in Italy
• Bishop LEOBINUS (Lubin) (556) became abbot of Brou, and finally was consecrated bishop of Chartres, where he was one of the most distinguished holders of that important see
Son of peasants, he was a field worker and shepherd in his youth. Thirsting for education, he went to the monastery at Noailles, France, working for the monks by day, being taught by them at night. He studied late by candle light, which annoyed the monks who had to wake for early prayers; Leobinus put a screen around the candle, and pressed on. Friend of Saint Carilef. Student of Saint Avitus of Perche, who suggested that the young man join his monastery. Monk at Lyon, France. Captured by renegade soldiers during war between the Franks and Burgundians, Leobinus was tortured to make him give up the location of the monastery's treasure. He told the soldiers nothing, and they left him for dead, thinking they'd drowned him; he eventually recovered. Joined Saint Avitus' community at Le Perche, France. Priest. Abbot at Brou, France. Bishop of Chartres, France. Noted reformer. Participant of the synod of Orleans in 549, and Paris in 552. Miracle worker; had the gift of healing, especially of dropsy or edema. Worked with Saint Caletric who gave him his last Communion, and succeeded him as bishop. Innkeepers and wine merchants near Chartres considered him their patron.
• Righteous MATHILDIS (Maud, Maude, Mahault, Mahtild, Mechtild, Methildis, Mathilda or Matilda), Queen of Germany, Matr., W., Nun (968)
Daughter of Count Dietrich of Westphalia and Reinhild of Denmark; she was raised by her grandmother, abbess of the Eufurt. In 913, Matilda left the abbey, and married King Henry the Fowler of Saxony (Henry I), who had received an annulment from a previous marriage. Queen of Germany. Mother of Otto, Holy Roman Emperor; Henry the Quarrelsome, Duke of Bavaria; Saint Bruno the Great, Archbishop of Cologne, Germany; Gerberga, wife of King Louis IV of France; Hedwig, mother of Hugh Capet. Founded several Benedictine abbeys. Well known throughout the realm for her generosity, she taught the ignorant, comforted the sick, and visited prisoners. Betrayed by Otto after Henry's death when he falsely accused her of financial mismanagement.
• Hole Nobleborn ROSTISLAV 若斯提斯拉夫 (Michael 米迦勒 in Holy Baptism) Great Prince of Kiev and Smolensk (1167)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ροστισλάβος ὁ Πρίγκιπας Κιέβου καὶ Σμολένκ
• TALMACH (7th c.) a disciple of St Barr at Lough Erc in Ireland and founder of a monastery
Saint Talmach was a disciple of Saint Finbar, one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland (September 25) at Lough Erc, and founded a monastery dedicated to his former master.
• Martyr THEODOSIUS
• Sainted THEOGNOSTUS 德奥格诺斯特 Metropolitan of Kiev and Moscow and All Rus’ (1353)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Θεόγνωστος ὁ Ἕλληνας Μητροπολίτης Κιέβου καὶ πάσης Ρωσίας
圣德奥格诺斯特
德奥格诺斯特是基辅的都主教。他出生于希腊，是基辅的圣裴特若的继任者。德奥格诺斯特受尽了蒙古游牧民族的折磨，尤其是詹尼伯格可汗。德奥格诺斯特在可汗的面前也遭到自己的国民俄罗斯人的攻击，因为在继任都主教的时候他没有向可汗献上金钱。后来可汗招来德奥格诺斯特，就此事提出质问。德奥格诺斯特回答说：“我们的主基督用他的宝血从异教徒手中换回了教会，我为什么要向异教徒敬献呢？”最后他平安无事地被获释。他管理教会长达25年的时间，于公元1353年安息主怀。
He was born in Greece and succeeded St Peter of Kiev as Metropolitan of that city. Some of his enemies among his own flock denounced him to the Mongol ruler, saying that he had paid the no tribute to obtain his position — as was often done by the clergy. Summoned before the Mongol prince and asked about this, he answered "Christ our God bought His Church from the unbelievers with His precious Blood. For what do we pay tribute to unbelievers?" Returning home, he governed the Church for 25 more years and reposed in peace in 1353.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
O God, be merciful to me, a sinner.
愿上帝怜恤我罪人
O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God,
for the sake of the prayers
of Thy most pure Mother,
our holy and God-bearing fathers and all the saints, have mercy on us.
Amen.
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Blessed be God.
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