συνοδικός
June 9 / May 27
2019 (7527)
HIEROMARTYR THERAPON, BISHOP OF SARDIS (259). VIRGIN-MARTYR THEODORA AND MARTYR DIDYMUS THE SOLDIER OF ALEXANDRIA (304)
Afterfeast of the Ascension
7th Sunday of Pascha: of the FATHERS OF THE FIRST ECUMENICAL COUNCIL
The 318 Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council (325)
The First Ecumenical Council was held in Nicea in A.D. 325 and set a pattern for all later Ecumenical Councils. It primarily addressed the issue of Arianism (producing the original version of the Nicene Creed) and set a universal pattern for calculating the date of Pascha—the Paschalion. It is also referred to as the First Council of Nicea.
It is important to know that a few years before the First Ecumenical Council met, in 319, the Arians proclaimed that “There was a time when the son was not”. They were suggesting that Jesus was not God when he was a child, but rather a creature. This powerful statement split the church in two.
In 325 AD, Constantine the Great was emperor of Rome. He had recently legalized Christianity, so the religion was flourishing. Because Christianity was no longer being persecuted, the Christians began to settle and live together. Unfortunately there were still quarrels among the Christians, which upset Constantine.
Constantine liked getting involved with the Church’s matters, and after creating the first of many laws, which gave liberty to Christians, he was called to resolve a quarrel between the Africans and the complaining Donatists. One of the Donatists was a priest named Arius from Alexandria, Egypt. He had been proclaiming for years that Jesus had not always been God (see note above). He was a crafty and intelligent man who tried win over many followers and sway them from the Church’s beliefs. Bishop Alexander (of Alexandria) excommunicated Arius to rid him from the Church. Constantine tried to settle the quarrel between the two, but realized it would take a great deal of time and effort.
Constantine called together a council of all the bishops in the land to settle the dispute as to whether or not Jesus was always God. So in 325 AD, 319 bishops, many clergy, some laity, and even some heathen philosophers met in Nicea, Bithynia. (1,800 bishops had been invited to attend but due to poor traveling conditions, only 319 showed) In general, the bishops were simple men who had never had to argue about their beliefs before. Their purpose was to present the beliefs that had been passed down and to put them together. One simple bishop was approached by a philosopher who tried to argue against Christianity. The bishop, who had no arguing experience, simply stated his creed (his beliefs) which eventually converted the man. At one point during the council, Bishop Alexander of Alexandria was speaking about the Trinity. Arius found something confusing about what he said and began arguing. Arius’ argument was very logical until he stated, “If the Father begat the Son, then he who was begotten had a beginning in existence, and from this it follows there was a time when the Son was not." Alexander saw the trouble that was to arise and the arguing that was to take place over this new heresy. One of his deacons, Athanasius, immediately took charge in combating Arius over this issue to strike down the falsehoods. Athanasius could not be a judge at the council, but he was allowed to speak in front of the clergy. Alexander and Athanasius tried to get Arius to recognize his heresy by talking with him, begging with him, and even getting a petition of all the bishops against him to get him to change, though he refused. Eventually Athanasius outwitted Arius and eventually the heretic was condemned. Bishop Hosius came up with the idea to write down a creed of the beliefs they agreed on. This is what they wrote:
We believe in one God. The Father Almighty. Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the only begotten, begotten of the Father before all ages. Light of Light; true God of true God; begotten not made; of one essence with the Father, by whom all things were made; who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven, and was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, and became man. And He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried. And the third day He rose again according to the Scriptures; and ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father; and he shall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead; whose Kingdom shall have no end.
The fathers of the council are always commemorated on the Sunday after the Ascension.
Besides the question of Arianism, the First Ecumenical Council also addressed a number of other concerns. Of particular note is the matter of the Paschalion, the method for the calculation of the celebration of Pascha. Up to this point there had been a number of different methods for determining Pascha's date, but at Nicea the bishops assembled there chose to accept the Alexandrian practice of making a calculation independent of the Jewish Passover, stipulating also that the Paschal celebration had to follow the vernal equinox. They thus rejected the Antiochian practice of making reference to Jewish reckoning when choosing the day of Pascha's celebration. Alexandria was the obvious choice for deference in this matter, as the city had long been renowned for the accuracy of its astronomers. To this day, the Pope of Alexandria retains a title which reflects this choice at Alexandria, sometimes translated as "Master of the Universe," but essentially referring to the ability to judge the astronomical state of the cosmos. A list of bishops at the council exists, including about 230 names, though there are indications that the signature lists are defective. St. Athanasius of Alexandria puts the number at 318, which is regarded as a mystically significant number, as in Genesis 14:14, the number of servants whom Abraham (then still named "Abram") took with him to rescue his nephew Lot. Only a few bishops from the West were present (a pattern common to all the Ecumenical Councils): Marcus of Calabria, Nicasius of Dijon, Domnus of Stridon, Hosius of Cordoba, and Caecilian of Carthage. Pope St. Sylvester I of Rome was represented by two of his priests. A number of renowned Eastern saints were also present: besides Athanasius the Great were Nicholas of Myra, Spyridon of Trimythous, Alexander of Alexandria, and Paphnutius of Egypt.
• Synaxis of the Chelnsk Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos named "TENDERNESS" (movable holiday on the 7th Sunday of Pascha)
• Virgin Martyress RESTITUTA at Sora in Campania, Pat. of Sora (272) and Companions
Ἡ Ἁγία Ρεστιτούτα ἡ Μάρτυς και ἡ συνοδεία αὐτῆς
Restituta is said to have been a Roman maiden of patrician parentage, who fled to Sora in Campania to escape the persecution under Aurelian. She was nevertheless martyred there with several companions. In art, Saint Restituta has an angel, her guardian, above her.
• MM JULIUS 犹利 the Veteran of Dorostorum and Companions (302/304) at Dorostolum, Moesia
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἰούλιος ὁ Μάρτυρας ὁ Στρατηλάτης
Soldier in the imperial Roman army for 27 years, and the veteran of seven campaigns. Converted to Christianity somewhere along the way, but was a good enough soldier that it never mattered to anyone. During one of the organized persecutions, he was denounced by his brother soldiers. The examining prefect, Maximus, tried to bribe the veteran into denouncing his faith. Julius declined.
• The Holy Martyrs THEODORA 德奥多拉 and DIDYMUS 狄迪默 Soldier (304)
殉道者，圣德奥多拉和圣迪迪穆斯
残暴的马克西米立安在位期间，在亚力山大市住着一位童女德奥多拉，她出生并成长于贵族家庭。因为德奥多拉是一名基督徒，由此她被异教徒带到法庭进行受审。在经过长时间的折磨之后，王子下令将德奥多拉带到下流的场所，任凭士兵们对她进行蹂躏。圣德奥多拉虔诚地祷告上帝，拯救她脱离这火坑，正在这时，一个名叫迪迪穆斯的士兵来到她面前告诉她自己也是基督徒，并让德奥多拉穿上了自己的军服，而自己换上了德奥多拉的女装，由此德奥多拉可以逃出此地，使自己留在那里。后来，迪迪穆斯被逮捕，并被带到法庭受审，迪迪穆斯坦言自己是基督徒，是他拯救了德奥多拉，同时他已经为基督作好了牺牲的准备。迪迪穆斯被判处死刑，被押送到断头台。德奥多拉赶赴刑场，对迪迪穆斯大叫道：“虽然你拯救了的贞洁，但是我没有要求你救我脱离死亡。我也希望为基督殉道！”圣迪迪穆斯回答说：“亲爱的妹妹，不要阻止我为基督而死，用我的血洗净我的罪恶！”听到这番谈话后，异教徒将他们两人都判处死刑，斩首之后将尸体进行了火化。这两位殉道者于公元304年在亚力山大殉道，由此得到了那荣耀的冠冕。
• FINTANA and OTHA of Scotland (6th c.)
• Martyr EUSEBIOTUS by fire; Martyr ALYPIUS by stoning; Martyr PAUL; Martyress JULIANA (270-275)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Εὐσεβιώτης ὁ Μάρτυρας
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀλύπιος ὁ Μάρτυρας
Ἡ Ἁγία Ἰουλιανὴ ἡ Μάρτυς
• Translation (1472) of the relics of Sts CYPRIAN 基普里安(1406) PHOTIUS 佛提 (1431) and JONAH 约纳 (1461) metropolitans of Kiev
Ἀνακομιδὴ Τιμίων Λειψάνων Ἁγίων Ἰωνᾶ, Φωτίου καὶ Κυπριανοῦ Μητροπολιτῶν Μόσχας
The Uncovering and Transfer of Relics of Sainted-Hierarchs Kiprian, Photii and Jona occurred on 27 May 1472 during the time of construction of the new stone Uspensky-Dormition cathedral in the Kremlin, under Metropolitan Philip (9 January) and Great Prince Ivan III (1462-1505). Separate days of memory of the saints are also made: Metropolitan Kiprian (16 September), Metropolitan Photii (2 July), Metropolitan Jona (31 March).
• ALEXIS Mechöv, Priest in Moskow (1922)
• MATTHEW (1861-1927)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Ματθαῖος ἐκ Ρωσίας
• Repose of Blessed ZINA of Vetluga (Zinaida Matrokhina) (1960)
• AUGUSTINE of Canterbury (604)
Monk and abbot of Saint Andrew's abbey in Rome, Italy. Sent by Pope Saint Gregory the Great with 40 brother monks, including Saint Lawrence of Canterbury to evangelize the British Isles in 597. Before he reached the islands, terrifying tales of the Celts sent him back to Rome in fear, but Gregory told him he had no choice, and so he went. He established and spread the faith throughout England; one of his earliest converts was King AEthelberht who brought 10 000 of his people into the Church. Ordained as a bishop in Gaul (modern France) by the archbishop of Arles. First Archbishop of Canterbury, England. Helped re-establish contact between the Celtic and Latin churches, though he could not establish his desired uniformity of liturgy and practices between them. Worked with Saint Justus of Canterbury.
• BASIL 瓦西里 of Khakhuli (11th c.) son of King Bagrat III
Ὁ Ὅσιος Βασίλειος ἐκ Γεωργίας
• Venerable BEDE 比德 the Confessor, Hieromonk of Wearmouth-Jarrow (735)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Βεδέας ὁ Ὁμολογητής
He spent almost his entire life as a monk in England, and is known primarily for his many writings. He entered the monastery at Wearmouth at the age of seven, and later moved (perhaps as one of the founders) to the monastery of Jarrow, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was ordained to the priesthood in his thirtieth year. In addition to many works of biblical exegesis, very popular in the middle ages, he compiled the Ecclesiastical History, still the primary source for the history of Christianity's establishment in the British isles.
• Sainted BRUNO of Würzburg, Bishop of Würzburg (1045)
Son of Duke Conrad of Carinthia and the Baroness Matilda. Nephew of Pope Gregory V. Cousin to emperor Conrad II, and later a counselor to him. Great-nephew of Saint Bruno of Querfort. Younger than average when ordained. In 1033, Saint Bruno was consecrated bishop of Würzburg, Germany. He spent all his private fortune building many churches throughout the diocese. Built the Cathedral of Saint Killian from his personal funds, and several parish churches in his diocese. Noted scholar and author, his best known work being a commentary on the Psalms. Peacemaker who ended the siege of Milan, Italy. Joined emperor Henry III on campaign against the Hungarians. Earned the popular title of Father of the poor through his charity. He was killed instantly while dining with Emperor Henry III at Bosenburg, when a gallery gave way.
• CILLIN (Killin) Bishop of Tigh Talain, now Tehallan, county of Monaghan
• CLEMENCE the Hymnographer (868) disciple of St Theodore Studite
• COMACH (Coma or Commaigh) Nun of Slanore (Snawlooher) Co. Cavan (6-7th c.)
• DAVID of Garesja (6th c.) of the thirteen Georgian Fathers
“旷野”（加雷西亚）的圣大卫
大卫是在5月7日这一天被纪念的格鲁及亚13位圣父之一。加雷西亚在格鲁及亚语中是旷野的意思。大卫之所以被称为旷野的大卫是因为他在靠近蒂弗里斯的旷野潜心修行。在年迈之际，大卫决定同他的几名弟子一起到圣地访问。临行前，大卫将照顾修道院的工作交给了长老卢奇安和都都，由此开始上路。当他们到达了一座可以远望到耶路撒冷的小山上时，大卫开始哭泣，说道：“我罪恶深重，我怎能步入踏上上帝仆人走过的足迹呢？”之后，大卫对他的门徒说，他们比自己更为圣洁，吩咐他们去至圣所朝拜，而自己只捡了三块石头就返回了。然而上帝并不允许这样的谦卑被隐藏，于是派出天使向耶路撒冷的牧首伊利亚显现，对他说：“立即派人去拦截正在返回徐利亚的长老，有三块石头在他的行囊中。他带走了圣地的所有恩典：对他来说一块石头就足够得以祝福了，其他两块石头应该带回耶路撒冷。这位长老就是旷野的圣大卫。”牧首立即派人寻找大卫长老，带回了两块石头，然后让长老离开。那第三块石头时至今日依然保存在大卫的陵墓上，并经常创造奇迹。
• ELIAH // DEC 7 //
Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἠλίας
• ETHIAN (Ethern) Bishop of Donoughmore Mic-Laithbhe in Mughdorna
• EUTROPIUS of Orange (475)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Εὐτρόπιος
Born to the nobility in Marseilles, France and spent a wild and wasted youth. Married. Widower. Deacon in Marseilles, France. Bishop of Orange, France during a period of rebuilding following Visigoth raids. Letters from contemporaries speak highly of his learning and piety. Saint Eutropius succeeded Saint Justus as bishop of Orange, France, at a time when the diocese had been destroyed by the Visigoths.
• Hieromartyr Bishop HELLADIOS (6-7th c.)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἑλλάδιος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας
• HILDEVERT of Meaux (680)
• ISAAK Abbot in Constantinople (425)
• Hieromartyr Pope JOHN (526)
• JOHN 约安 the Russian the Confessor, whose relics are on the island of Euboea (1730)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Ρῶσος
A Kozak, St John was captured during a Russian campaign against the Turks in 1711, and sold into slavery in Asia Minor by the Tatars into a Turkish family. As a slave he strove to serve God faithfully, while serving his earthly master in everything honorable. Despite many enticements offered by the Muslims to renounce his faith, he remained steadfast, and was permitted to work miracles through his prayers. He reposed in peace in 1730. His holiness and miracles inspired that same family to build his church-shrine after his repose. His relics remained incorrupt.
• Venerable Hieroschemamonk LAZARUS of Pskov-Caves Monastery (1824)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Λάζαρος τοῦ Πσκώφ
• Martyr LEONIDES
• Martyr LEONTIOS
• Venerabless MELANGELL (Monacella) Anchoress of Pennant (Penant or Tanat) (present day Powys) near Llangynog, Montgomeryshire (6-7th c.)
Ἡ Ὁσία Μελάνη ἡ ἐξ Οὐαλλίας
She seems to have been a hermit in Montgomeryshire, who later became abbess of a small community in remote Pennant Melangell (now Powys). Her church and shrine have been restored recently. She is another of those saints who cultus flourished locally long before any vita was written; the only source still available is a 15th-century version that appears to have been based on an earlier source. Her story connects Melangell with King Brochwel Ysgithrog of Powys, who happened upon her while he was hunting in her neighborhood. At that time she had been living at Pennant Melangell for 15 years after having fled from an unwanted marriage in Ireland. Brochwel gave her land for a convent and a sanctuary for the hares she had befriended. The saint is reputed to have lived another 33 years after this encounter. The text explicitly states that she was a virgin, which may provide some that she and Saint Winifred are the only two female saints from Wales who have Latin biographies. It ends with someone named Elise attempting to ravish the nuns and meeting a grisly end. Melangell is the patron of hares.
• Venerable MICHAEL 米迦勒 of Parekheli, Georgia (8-9th c.)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Μιχαὴλ ἐκ Γεωργίας
• Translation (1667) of the relics of Venerable NILUS 尼尔 of Stolben Island (1554)
Ἀνακομιδὴ Τιμίων Λειψάνων Ὁσίου Νείλου τοῦ ἐκ Σομπένσκ
The Monk Nil of Stolobensk reposed on 7 December 1554 (the account about his life is located under this day). Many years afterwards, on the Island of Lake Seliger, where the holy ascetic had asceticised, there came the priest-monk German and immediately after him the hill-dweller and wanderer Boris. They settled together on the island and built a church in honour of the Theophany, with a chapel in the name of Saint Vasilii (Basil) the Moscow Wonderworker. At this site where the Monk Nil had asceticised there in time grew up a monastery, named after him. An icon of the Monk Nil was written by the monks of the Orshin monastery, and numerous miracles of healings of the sick began to occur at the gravesite of the saint. Later at the monastery lived Sainted Nektarii, Archbishop of Sibirsk and Tobol'sk, and he decided to build a stone church to replace the former wooden one. During the time of the laying of the foundations, the earth crumbled away and revealed the incorrupt relics of the Monk Nil. The Uncovering of the Relics occurred on 27 May 1667, and simultaneously with this was established a feastday to the monk in honour of the event.
• PETER
• Sainted PHILIP I Metropolitan of Moscow (1473)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Φίλιππος Α’ Μητροπολίτης Μόσχας
• Martyr RANULF (Ragnulf) in Thélus near Arras in France (700) the father of Saint Hadulph bishop of Arras-Cambrai
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ρανοῦλφος ὁ Μάρτυρας
• Hieromartyr THERAPON 特拉彭提斯 bishop of Sardis (259)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Θεράπων ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας
特拉彭图斯皈依了许多希腊人信仰基督教，由此他遭受了异教徒的残酷折磨，包括囚禁、禁食和鞭打等。他们将赤身裸体的特拉彭图斯的四肢栓在四个树桩上，然后惨无人道地进行鞭打，直到被打得皮开肉绽为止。虽如此，特拉彭图斯仍然活着，而那四个树桩却由此变绿，长成了大树，医治了许多人的病症。最后，瓦列里安在位期间，也就是公元259年，圣特拉彭图斯如羔羊般地被杀戮，由此得以进入上帝荣耀的国度。特拉彭图斯殉道的时间是公元259年。
• Venerable THERAPONT 特拉彭提斯 of White Lake, Abbot of Byelozersk (White Lake) and Mozhaisk (1426)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Θεράπων ἡγούμενος τῆς Λευκῆς Λίμνης
司祭殉道者特拉彭图斯，萨尔蒂斯的主教
• Venerable THERAPONT 德拉庞提 of Monza, Abbot of Monza (1597)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Θεράπων ἡγούμενος τῆς Μόνζας
On this day is celebrated the holy ascetic's name-in-common (tezoimenitstvo) with Saint Therapontos. The account about the Monk Pherapont is situated under 12 December, the day of his repose.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
O God, be merciful to me, a sinner.
愿上帝怜恤我罪人
O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God,
for the sake of the prayers
of Thy most pure Mother,
our holy and God-bearing fathers and all the saints, have mercy on us.
Amen.
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Blessed be God.
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