συνοδικός
May 31 / May 18
2018 (7526)
• Synaxis of "THE HELPER OF THE SINNERS" 罪人之保 Icon of the Mother of God of Koretsk (1622) // THURSDAY 1ST WEEK AFTER PENTECOST //
• Synaxis of Icon of the Mother of God "PSKOV-PECHERSK"
The First Ecumenical Council: Nicea, 325 A.D. Condemned the teaching of Arius, who taught that the Son and Holy Spirit were created and inferior to the Father. From this council we have the words of the Nicean Creed which state: I believe in one... Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, begotten from the Father... Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten not made, one in essence with the Father.
The Second Ecumenical Council: Constantinople, 381 A.D. Confirmed and completed the Nicean Creed, and addressed the heresy of Apollinarianism. Heresy of Apollinarianism: according to which Christ had a human body and soul but no human rational mind, the Divine Logos taking the place of this. The Nicean Creed reached its current form at this Council, the words concerning belief in the Holy Spirit were added at this point. Also, it was declared that the Bishop of Constantinople should have the primacy of honour after the Bishop of Rome, because Constantinople was known as New Rome.
The Third Ecumenical Council: Ephesus, 431 A.D. Addressed the teachings of Nestorius: he rejected the term Theotokos because he opposed the doctrine that taught that Christ was a single person, at once God and man. This teaching was anathematised. Also at this Council the title for the Virgin Mary of Theotokos (Birthgiver of God) is confirmed for use by the whole Church.
The Fourth Ecumenical Council: Chalcedon, 451 A.D. Addressed the teachings of Eutyches, a form of Monophysitism: Monophysitism is a doctrine teaching that Christ had a single divine nature as against the orthodox teaching of a double nature, divine and human. The teachings of the previous councils were confirmed and the teachings of Nestorius and Eutyches, and other Monophysites condemned.
The Fifth Ecumenical Council: Constantinople, 553 A.D. To further condemned the Monophysite heresy: The doctrine of the Trinity was set out and also the two births (in eternity and in time) of the Divine Word and Jesus Christ, one person, God and man at the same time; it was the one same person who both wrought the miracles and suffered death.
The Sixth Ecumenical Council: Constantinople, 680 A.D. To address the heresy of Monothelism saying that Christ did not have a human will: This council stated that in our Lord Jesus Christ there are two natural wills, and two natural operations, indivisibly, inconvertibly, inseparably, without any fusion as the holy fathers have taught, and that these two natural wills are not contrary.
The Seventh Ecumenical Council: Nicea, 787 A.D. To address the Iconoclast controversy: Hostility to the veneration of icons had led to destruction and persecution, and this was the Council which decreed their restoration. The following statement was made to express this: As with the priceless, life-giving cross, so with the venerable and holy images, they may be set up in their various forms in the churches, on the sacred vessels and vestments, on the walls, likewise in private houses, and along the wayside... The more often we look upon them, the more vividly are our minds turned to the memory of those whom they represent... to give to them, the images, an adoration of honour, but not however the true latria, which, as our faith teaches, is to be given only to the divine nature... so that, like the holy cross, the gospels, and the relics of the saints, to these images offerings of incense and lights may be made, as was the custom of our ancestors. For the honour rendered to the image passes to that which the image represents, and whosoever adores an image adores the person it depicts. For in this way, is the teaching of the holy Fathers strengthened, that is to say, the tradition of the holy catholic church, receiving the gospel, from one end of the world to the other...
We know from Acts 15 that the calling of a Council to determine controversial matters was established by the Apostles themselves. In the Council of Jerusalem in 48-49 A.D., chaired by St James, the Brother of Christ, the problems of keeping the Jewish Law were discussed, and it was established that circumcision and the dietary laws were not required of Christians. Writing to the Patriarch of Constantinople in the 6th century, St Gregory the Great refers to the significance of the Councils, and their defining of doctrine, which he equates with scripture. We believe that the decisions made by the Bishops at the Ecumenical Councils were made under divine inspiration. They stand at the centre of Tradition, along with Divine Scripture and the writings of the Fathers, to proclaim what the Church believes.
Οἱ Ἅγιοι Πέτρος, Διονύσιος, Ἀνδρέας, Παῦλος, Χριστίνα, Ἡράκλειος, Παυλίνος καὶ Βενέδιμος οἱ Μάρτυρες
裴特若年轻英俊；迪奥尼西显赫；帕弗罗与安德烈从军，而赫里斯提那则是一个年仅16岁的少女。他们都为了基督的缘故遭受折磨而死。同他们一同遭受折磨的还有尼克马楚斯，但是他因在途中不能忍受折磨而否认基督，以致于后来精神失常，成了疯子；他蚕食自己的身体，后来口吐白沫致死。这事发生在公元250年。
• Martyr THEODOTUS 德奥多特 and Seven VMM of Ancyra: TECUSA (Thecusa, Tekousa or Tekusa) 特库萨, ALEXANDRA (Alexandria) 亚历山德拉, Claudia (Klaudia, Claudie, Claudine or Claudette) 克劳迪亚, FAVINA (Phaïnee, Faina, Phaine or Phaina) 法伊尼, EUPHRASIA (Evphrasia) 艾弗福莱萨, MATRONA 玛特若纳 and JULIA (Julitta) 犹利亚 at Galatia near Corinth (303)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Θεόδοτος ὁ Μάρτυρας
Οἱ Ἁγίες Ἀλεξανδρία, Εὐφρασία, Θεοδότη, Ἰουλία, Κλαυδία, Ματρώνα, Τεκοῦσα καὶ Φαεινὴ οἱ Παρθενομάρτυρες
戴克里先在位期间，德奥多特在安西拉开设了一个小旅馆。尽管他已经成家，但是他一直遵循圣徒的话语：“那有妻子的，要像没有妻子”（致科林托人书一／林前／格前7：29）。德奥多特开设旅馆的目的就是为了帮助受压迫的基督徒。他的旅馆成了受迫害的基督徒的庇护所。逃往深山的基督徒，他秘密地给予帮助，收敛基督徒的尸体，并将其埋葬。当时，有七名少女因基督的缘故而被带到法庭受审，遭受了酷刑、嘲弄之后，最后被投入到湖中溺死。其中的一名少女在梦中向德奥多特显现，告诉他从湖中将她们的尸首取出，并埋葬。在一个漆黑的夜晚，德奥多特与一同伴前往湖边，以满足殉道者的遗愿；在天使的带领下，他们成功地找到了殉道者的尸首，并将其埋葬。但是后来这个同伴将德奥多特出卖，由此德奥多特被带到法官面前受审，并忍受了残酷的折磨。德奥多特忍受了各种酷刑，任人宰割的身体就如同不是他的一样，全身心仰望上帝。刽子手们将他折磨得遍体鳞伤，并用石头将他的满口牙齿全敲掉，最后下令将其斩首。当德奥多特被带到断头台前时，许多基督徒都在为他哭泣，而圣德奥多特却对他们说：“兄弟们，不要为我哭泣，要赞美我们的主耶稣基督，他帮助了我渡过了这磨难，并战胜了我的敌人。”说完这之后，他毅然将头放在断头台上。德奥多特殉道的时间为公元303年。一名司祭将这位殉道者的尸体在城边的一个小山上荣耀地进行了安葬。后来，在这个地方以圣德奥多特为名修建了一座教堂。
• Martyrs HERACLIUS 伊拉克利, PAULINUS 帕弗利诺 and BENEDIMUS 文奈迪默 of Athens
这三位殉道者都是雅典人。在德西乌斯在位期间，他们为了信仰而遭受折磨。为了基督的名，他们都被活活烧死在火炉中。
Heraclius, Paulinus and Benedimus were Athenians, and preachers of the Gospel who turned many of the heathen from their error to the light of Christ. Brought before the governor, they confesed their Faith, and after many torments were beheaded. One Nicomachus, who was tortured with them, denied Christ under torture, and instantly lost his mind, tearing at his body with his teeth and foaming at the mouth until he breathed his last.
• MM CANTIUS, CANTIAN, CANTIANILLA and PROTUS (304)
Two brothers and their sister, martyred in Aquileia in Italy where they had gone with their tutor, Protus.
• The Holy clergy and lay Martyrs massacred under Emperor Valens (364-378)
Οἱ Ἅγιοι κληρικοὶ καὶ λαϊκοί Μάρτυρες οἱ ἀναιρεθέντες ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτοκράτορα Οὐάλη
• HM Priest URBANUS, THEODOR, MENEDEMUS and 77 Priests, clergy and lay Martyrs in Constantinople (370)
• Commemoration of All Orthodox Martyrs under the Arian Emperor Valens • M JULIANUS and his Mother at Alexandria
• WINNOW, MANCUS and MYRBAD (6th c.) from Ireland who lived in Cornwall where churches are dedicated to them
• Martyrs SYMEON 西面, ISAAC 伊撒克 and BACHTISIUS 瓦赫提西 of Persia (339)
The Holy Martyrs Simeon, Isaac and Bakhtis were Christians and lived during the III Century in Persia under the emperor Sapor, a fierce persecutor of Christians. They tried to force the saints to recant from Christ and be converted to the grim faith of fire-worship. But they refused and answered the pagans: "We will not recant from the Creator of all and we will not worship fire nor the sun". They cruelly tortured the holy martyrs, then threw them into prison, where they were not given food for seven days. Finally, they beheaded the martyrs.
• Holy Martyrs brothers DAVID 大卫 and TARECHAN 塔瑞涵 of Georgia (693) and their Mother
Οἱ Ἅγιοι Δαβὶδ καὶ Ταριχάνι οἱ Μάρτυρες
• JOHN Gashkevich, Archpriest of Korma (1917)
• Righteous presbiter IOANN Korm’anskij (1837-1917) Belorus’
• New Hieromartyr MICHAEL 米迦勒 Vinogradov, priest (1873-1932)
• New Hieromartyr BASIL 瓦西里 Krylov, priest (1906-1942)
• New Hieromartyr DAMIAN (Damjan) 达弥安 Strbac, Jr., priest of Grahovo, Serbia (1941)
As the mother of Kings Edwy and Saint Edgar the Peaceful and wife of King Edmund of Wessex (921-46), Saint Elgiva was the adviser and ennobler of the whole kingdom. On the death of her husband, Elgiva retired to the convent of Shaftesbury, where she ended her days and which is the centre of her cultus. William of Malmesbury praised her for her generosity, wise counsel, and the gift of prophecy. He also wrote about the miracles wrought at her intercession.
• AGHNA (Anna or Eina) of Drumdart, Co. Leitrim (508)
• ANASTASO (Anastasia) 阿纳斯塔索 of Leukadion (Laucation) near the Bithinian sea-shore
Ἡ Ὁσία Ἀναστασὼ ἡ ἐν τοῖς Λευκαδίου
• ARSENIUS of Armo, monk and Priest in Italy (810-904)
• CONVAL of Strathclyde (6th c.) a disciple of the Scottish Saint Kentigern
Despite the efforts of Protestant reformers to eradicate the memory of Conval, archdeacon to Saint Kentigern, there is a church still in Glasgow dedicated to his memory. He was active throughout the region of Strathclyde, south of Glasgow, especially in Renfrewshire.
• VM CYRA (Syra) in Persia (558)
• Martyr CRESCENTIAN in Sassari in Sardinia (130) at the same time as Sts Gabinus and Crispulus under the Emperor Hadrian
* VM DIONYSIA (Dionisia or Denise) at Troas (250)
• Martyr DIOSCORUS in Cynopolis of Egypt (305)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Διόσκορος ὁ Μάρτυρας
Dioscorus was a lector of the church of Kynopolis, Egypt. He was burnt with hot irons and died under torture. In art, Dioscorus has torches applied to his sides.
• Martyress EUPHRASIA 艾弗福拉西亚 at Nicaea (2nd c.)
Ἡ Ἁγία Εὐφρασία ἡ Μάρτυς
The Holy Martyress Euphrasia was a native of the city of Nicea. She accepted death for Christ at the time of the emperors Diocletian and Maximian -- at the end of the III or beginning IV Century. Subjected to many tortures, the martyress was drowned in the sea.
• Hieromartyr FELIX Bishop of Spoleto, in Umbria (304)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Φήλικας ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας
Saint Felix was a bishop of either Spoleto or of the neighboring town of Spello (Hispellum) in Umbria. He was martyred under Diocletian.
• FEREDARIUS (Feradach mac Cormaic) Abbot of Iona (880)
Born in Ireland; died after 863. Saint Feredarius was chosen abbot of Iona in 863. During his abbacy the relics of Saint Columba were removed to Ireland for fear of the invading Danes.
• Martyress GALACTIA
Ἡ Ἁγία Γαλακτία ἡ Μάρτυς
• Martyr JULIAN
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἰουλιανὸς ὁ Μάρτυρας
• Hieromartyr Pope JOHN I of Rome (526)
• Martyr LEO
• LUPICINUS (5th c.) Bishop of Verona in Italy, described as 'the most holy, the best of bishops'
• Repose of Venerable Archimandrite MACARIUS 玛喀里 (Michael Glukharev) of Altai (1847) missionary to the Altai region in Siberia
Ὁ Ὅσιος Μακάριος ὁ Ἱεραπόστολος
• MARTINIAN 玛尔提尼安 of Areovinthus (Areobindus, Areovinchus) monk of the church of the Theotokos of the Areovinthus quarter, Constantinople
Ὁ Ὅσιος Μαρτινιανὸς ὁ ἐν τοῖς Ἀρεοβίνθου
• Hieromartyr Priest MERILILAUN (Merolilaun, Merolitain) of Rheims (8th c.) a pilgrim murdered near Rheims and venerated as a martyr
Irish saint who laboured in France and there met a martyr's death - Merolilan of Rheims. Merililaun was a British/Scottish pilgrim who met his death violently near Rheims on the shore of the river Aisne while he was on pilgrimage to Rome. His relics were secretly buried, and later discovered through a heavenly revelation. His relics were in the Saint-Symphorian church in Rheims.
• Translation of the relics of Saint MILDRED of Thanet (Mildthryth) Abbess of Minster-in-Thanet (8th c.)
• Hieromartyr PALAMON bishop of Heraclea (341)
• PASCHASIUS (512) a deacon in Rome who wrote theological works
• Martyr Ascetik PAULUS
• Virgin PETRONILLA in Rome (1st c.) venerated from the earliest times
• Repose of Blessed PHILIP founder of the Gethsemane Caves Skete of St Sergius Lavra (1869)
• Hieromartyr POTAMON 颇塔蒙 Bishop of Heraclea in Egypt (341) died in Alexandria, Egypt from injuries sustained from a beating with clubs
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ποταμὼν ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας Ἐπίσκοπος Ἡρακλείας
• STEPHEN 斯特梵 the New, patriarch of Constantinople
Ὁ Ἅγιος Στέφανος Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως
• Hosios STEPHANOS the Chorabyte
Ὁ Ὅσιος Στέφανος ὁ Χωρηβίτης
• Venerabless TAISIA of Voronezh (1840)
• Hieromartyr Pope 德奥多若 THEODORE I of Rome (649)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας Ἐπίσκοπος Ρώμης
• Martyr VENANTIUS of Camerino (250)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Βενάντιος ὁ Μάρτυρας
Teenager tortured extensively and martyred with ten other Christians during the persecutions of Decius. He made a glorious confession of his faith, and after suffering many torments was beheaded in the persecution of Decius in 250, at Camerino, a city near the marquisate of Ancona in Italy; of which place he was a native. His body is kept with singular veneration in that city. Pope Clement X. who had been bishop of Camerino, had a particular devotion to this martyr, who suffered very young.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
O God, be merciful to me, a sinner.
愿上帝怜恤我罪人
O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God,
for the sake of the prayers
of Thy most pure Mother,
our holy and God-bearing fathers and all the saints, have mercy on us.
Amen.
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Blessed be God.
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