συνοδικός
April 5 / March 23
2018 (7526)
HOLY WEEK: Great Thursday • Μεγάλη Πέμπτη
乃基督教紀念耶穌基督最後的晚餐，設立了聖餐禮、濯足服事精神的重要日子。
Of Thy Mystical Supper, O Son of God, accept me today as a communicant; for I will not speak of Thy Mystery to Thine enemies, neither will I give Thee a kiss like Judas. But like the Thief will I confess Thee: Remember me, O Lord, in Thy Kingdom. In the evening, after the Liturgy, all of the hangings and vestments are changed to black or some other dark colour, to signify the beginning of the Passion. Anticipating the Matins of Friday morning, the Holy Passion service of the reading of the Twelve Gospels is conducted. In these readings Christ's last instructions to his disciples are presented, as well as the prophecy of the drama of the Cross, Christ's prayer, and his new commandment. The twelve readings are:
John 13:31–18:1
John 18:1–29
Matthew 26:57–75
John 18:28–19:16
Matthew 27:3–32
Mark 15:16–32
Matthew 27:33–54
Luke 23:32–49
John 19:19–37
Mark 15:43–47
John 19:38–42
Matthew 27:62–66
• The Icon of The Theotokos of ANTIOCH (580) hold the Savior on the left hand // JUN 10 //
• Hosiosmartyr NICON 尼康 and 199 disciples in Sicily (251)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Νίκων ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας καὶ οἱ ἑκατὸν ἐνενήκοντα μαθητές του
尼肯出生于那不勒斯，父亲是异教徒，母亲是基督徒。他的母亲暗地里背着她的丈夫向儿子传讲基督的福音，但是作为驻那不勒斯的罗马指挥官的尼肯仍没有接受浸礼。有一次，尼肯同他的部队受命前往战场，他的母亲告诉他说，在遇到危险的时候要划十字，并请求基督的拯救。确实，在战场上尼肯的军队被全部包围，尼肯在他的心中作了十字并呼求基督。立即他被一种不同寻常的力量充满，追赶敌人。一些敌人被他杀死，另一些敌人仓惶逃跑。在凯旋回来的时候，尼肯依然情绪高涨，赞叹不已：“基督徒的上帝是真神！”这使得他的母亲倍感欣慰，在基督十字架的帮助下，他获得了胜利；尼肯之后偷偷地扬帆出海前往亚洲，在那里，他接受了西吉库斯的主教德奥多西的浸礼；之后，尼肯隐居到一座修道院中，在那里潜心修行。德奥多西在临终前的异象中得到启示：任命尼肯为他的继任者。年迈的德奥多西立即叫来尼肯，任命他为辅祭，之后为司祭，最后是主教。根据上帝的天意，不久之后尼肯来到了那不勒斯，发现了他的母亲仍活着。在他的母亲去世之后，他先前在部队中的9名战友成了他的弟子，而后他们纷纷前往西西里，在那里传讲基督的福音。当时正值一场可怕的对基督徒的迫害运动。坤仟努斯王子逮捕了尼肯和他的9名弟子，对他们施以酷刑。他的190名弟子和以前的那些战友都遭到了斩首。他们将尼肯栓在马尾巴上，并从峭壁上被仍到了深山峡谷中；他们鞭打他，割刮他的皮肤，但是尼肯仍没有被折磨死。最后，他也遭到了斩首，得以进行基督的国都。他的遗体被放在田地里，任飞鸟啄食。一个被魔鬼附身的牧羊人被他的尸体绊倒，但是却奇迹般地恢复了健康。这个牧羊人讲述了尼肯的尸体，一些基督徒收敛了他的身体，荣耀地进行了埋葬。尼肯遭受磨难期间正值德西乌斯皇帝在位期间。
• MM DOMETIUS (also Domitius), PELAGIA, AQUILA, EPARCHIUS & THEODOSIA (361) at Phrygia
Saint Domitius was a Phrygian who was martyred by Julian the Apostate, probably at Caesarea in Palestine. It is possible that he is the unnamed martyred in the acta of Saint Basil of Ancrya. He publicly attacked the public entertainments in the circus, which were dedicated to the heathen gods.
• MM ANATOLIOS and PROTOLEON who were converted by the martyrdom of St George
• MM VICTORIAN a former pro-consul in Africa, FRUMENTIUS, FRUMENTIUS and COMPANION of 4 wealthy merchants (484) martyred in Hadrumetum under King Hunneric for refusing to become Arians
• MM LIBERAT a physician, his wife, and children and Companions (484) exiled by the Vandals under Hunneric
Saint Liberat, who was a physician, his wife, and children were exiled by the Vandals under Hunneric. When they had been arrested, their infant children were taken from them. His wife stemmed his tears by saying: "Think no more of them, Jesus Christ himself will take care of them, and protect their souls." While in prison she was told by the heretics that her husband had conformed. For this reason, when she met him at their trial, scolded him in open court for having abandoned God. He told her that their tormentors had lied in an attempt to persuade her to do likewise. Twelve young children, when dragged away by the persecutors, held their companions by the knees till they were torn away by violence. They were beaten and scourged daily for a long time; yet by God's grace every one of them persevered until they were allowed to escape into exile.
• MM FELIX, FIDELIS and 19 Companions (5th c.) in North Africa
This group of 21 martyrs may have suffered in the same Vandal persecution as Saint Victorian and Companions. All that is certain is that they died in Africa.
• VM PIALA (Ciara, Phiala or Phillack) of Penwith (Pen-dinas) and M FINGAR (Gwingar, Gwinnear or Guigner) of Hayle (5th c.)
• New Hieromartyr MACARIUS 玛喀里 Kvitkin, presbiter, archpriest of Orenburg (1882-1931) day of martyrdom, shoted in OGPU prison, Orenburg
• New Hieromartyr STEFAN 斯特梵 Preobrazhenskij, presbiter, priest (1860-1937) day of death in prison in V’azniki at Vladimir
• New Hieromartyr BASIL 瓦西里 Koklin, presbiter, priest; of merchants (1883-1938) day of martyrdom, shoted and graved at Butovo, Moskow
• New Martyr JAMES (1938)
• Hosiosmartyr hieromonk ELIAH 伊利亚 V’atlin (1867-1938) day of martyrdom, shoted and graved at Butovo, Moskow
• Hosiosmartyress nun ANASTASIA 阿纳斯塔西亚 Bobkova (1890-1938) day of martyrdom, shoted and graved at Butovo, Moskow
• Martyress BARBARA 瓦尔瓦拉 Konkina (nun Maria) (1868-1938) day of martyrdom, shoted and graved at Butovo, Moskow
• Martyr ALEXIS 阿莱克西 Skorobogatov, psalmist (1889-1938) day of martyrdom, shoted and graved at Butovo, Moskow
• Hosiosconfessor archmandrite SERGIUS 塞尔吉 (Mitrofan Srebriansky) spiritual father and superior of the Martha-Maria convent in Moskow (1870-1948) day of death, died from pneumonia in Vladychino in Tver // SYNAXIS OF HOLY NEW MARTYRS AND CONFESSORS OF RUSSIA // MAR 23/APR 5 REPOSE // 1ST SUNDAY AFTER JUN 29 SYNAXIS TVER // SUNDAY BEFORE AUG 26 SYNAXIS MOSCOW // SEP 4/17 SYNAXIS VORONEZH //
Ὁ Ἅγιος Βασίλειος ὁ Θαυματουργὸς Μανγκαζίας Σιβηρίας
• Sainted 瓦西安 BASSIAN I Rylo, archbishop of Rostov (1481)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Βασσιανὸς Ἐπίσκοπος Ροστὼβ τῆς Ρωσίας
• BENEDICT of Campania (550) a hermit in the Campagna in Italy who was miraculously delivered from death by burning at the hands of Totila the Goth
• CIANNAIT (Ciannat or Kianat)
• DISMAS (Rakh) the Penitent Thief on the right hand of Christ
The Gospel of Luke describes one asking Jesus to "remember him" when Jesus will have "come into" his kingdom. He is commemorated in a traditional Eastern Orthodox prayer said before receiving the eucharist: "I will not speak of Thy Mystery to Thine enemies, neither like Judas will I give Thee a kiss; but like the thief will I confess Thee: Remember me, O Lord in Thy Kingdom." The other, as the impenitent thief, asks Jesus why he cannot save himself. The name "Dismas" was adapted from a Greek word meaning "sunset" or "death". The other thief's name is given as Gestas.
• Martyr DOMETIUS 多麦提 the Persian (360-361) in Phrygia under Julian the Apostate
Ὁ Ἅγιος Δομέτιος ὁ Μάρτυρας
• Venerable EPHRAIM of the Kiev Caves (13th c.)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἐφραὶμ
• ETHILWALD (Ethelwald or Oidilwald the Hermit) of Farne (699) a monk at Ripon in England, he lived as a hermit on Inner Farne for twelve years
Edelwald, or Ethelwald, signifies noble, potent. He was, for his eminent sanctity, honoured with the priesthood whilst he lived in the monastery of Rippon. Afterwards he led an eremitical life in the isle of Farne, where he died in 699, about eleven years after St Cuthbert. His body was translated to Lindisfarne, afterwards to Durham.
• Monk EUSEBIOS
• Venerable monk FELIX of Montecassino (1000)
• GEORGE in Dyippa
• Venerabless nun HELEN (Katerina Bekhtejeva) of Florivsky Monastery (of Sts Florus and Laurus) of Ascension Convent in Kiev (1756-1834)
• Martyr JULIAN
• LASSAR (also Lassair) Daughter of Fintain
• Hosiosmartyr LUKE 路喀 the New of Adrianople of St Anne's Skete on Mt Athos and Odrin (1802) at Mytilene
Ὁ Ἅγιος Λουκᾶς ὁ Ὁσιομάρτυρας ὁ Ἁγιαννανίτης
希腊圣人传记和《圣山阿托斯的圣徒传》，在这一天也纪念出生于杰德伦的殉道者路喀。早在幼年时他就在君士坦丁堡被土耳其人实行了割礼。由此，路喀深感痛苦。他将这割礼当成是魔鬼强加于他的印记，只有通过为基督殉道才能消除它。他在阿托斯圣山剪发成了一名修士，并同他的长老贝萨里昂一同前往梅利泰内，并在那里于公元1802年3月23日被土耳其人吊死。他的尸体悬挂在空中，但是从他的遗体中散发出芳香的圣油。
• MAIDOC (Mo-Mhaedog) (5th c.) Abbot of Fiddown in Kilkenny in Ireland
• MOCHOLLA
• Venerable Abbot NICON 尼康 of Kiev Caves, from the Pechersk Lavra (Monastery of the Caves) in Kiev (1088) Ukraine. The Relics are kept at St Anthony Near Caves of the Lavra
Ὁ Ὅσιος Νίκων καθηγούμενος τῆς Λαύρας τῶν Σπηλαίων τοῦ Κιέβου
尼肯是在洞穴修道院修行的圣安托尼的同伴，也是可敬的德奥多西的忏悔神父。因为为伯亚•巴拉姆和太监艾弗冷进行剪发进入修道生活的仪式，由此尼肯受到了王子伊兹亚斯拉夫的威胁。但是王子的妻子将对王子的怒火转变成了对上帝的畏惧。圣尼肯则得以平安。为了用圣像装点教堂，尼肯向上帝求助。在他的祷告之下，一些希腊的圣像画家从君士坦丁堡来到了基辅。因为圣安托尼和圣德奥多西曾向这些圣像画家显现，指使他们前往基辅。尼肯因其刻苦修行和属灵的智慧而受到赞美。在他年迈的时候，他成了佩切尔修道院院长，但这并不是他的意愿。尼肯于公元1066年得以安息主怀。他那不朽的圣体在基辅的洞穴修道院得以保存。
Saint Nikon of the Kiev Caves was the first disciple and fellow-ascetic of Saint Anthony (July 10), the founder of the Kiev Caves monastery, to which he came as a priest. At the monastery he tonsured all the new monks, and among their number was Saint Theodosius of the Caves (May 3 and August 14).
• Repose of Venerable PACHOMIUS 帕霍弥 abbot of Nerekhta (1384)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Παχώμιος ἐκ Ρωσίας
Saint Pachomius painted an icon of the Holy Trinity, and after singing a Molieben he carried it to the place where he was to build the church in the Name of the Holy Trinity. After the church was completed, Saint Pachomius organized the new monastery, which soon began to attract monks. He died in 1384, advanced in age, and he was buried in the Trinity church he built. One of his disciples, Irenarchus, painted an icon of the saint, and later a crypt was built for his holy relics.
• New Martyr PANAGIOTIS at Jerusalem (1820)
• Repose of Elder PORPHYRIUS of Glinsk Hermitage (1868)
• THEODOLUS (Theodore, Theodoricus) a priest of Antioch, Syria
• Venerable THEODOSIUS the Wonderworker, Abbot of the Monastery of the Saviour in Totma, Russia (1568)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Θεοδόσιος ὁ Θαυματουργός ἐκ Ρωσίας
• The Daughter (or Daughters) of Feradhach
One of the group may be Saint Kentigerna, this holy lady ended her days in Scotland as a hermitess, her son Saint Fillan is one of Scotland's well-known saints.
SYNAXARION FOR HOLY AND GREAT THURSDAY
On this day, Holy and Great Thursday, according to the order which our Holy Fathers inherited from the Holy Apostles, and the Holy Gospels, we celebrate four events: the Holy Washing of the Disciples' feet, the Mystical Supper (the institution of the Holy Mystery of the Eucharist, which we celebrate to this day), the Lord's Agony in the Garden, and His Betrayal.
On the morrow, Friday, the Passover sacrifice of the Hebrews was intended to take place, namely the slaughter of the lamb reared for this purpose. On that same Friday, the Truth was intended to follow the old type. For it was intended that the true Passover would be sacrificed, the Lamb of God the Father, who takes away the sin of the world—our Lord Jesus Christ, who was prefigured by the paschal lamb which was sacrificed each year by the Hebrews. On the evening of this day - which was the day of unleavened bread, the eve of the Passover of the Old Law, March 22, the fifth day of the week—Jesus observed the Passover and dined in the city with the Twelve Disciples. The Lord did this on the evening of the fifth day (Thursday), since among the Hebrews the "night-day" reckoning begins with the evening of the present day and is called the evening of the following day. In other words, according to Jewish tradition "Friday evening" was that time period that began after sundown on Thursday. (For example: as in the Orthodox Church today, the "liturgical evening" of a feast day would be that time after Vespers.) Zebedee (the father of the Holy Apostles James and John) prepared the Passover, since he was the one who carried the earthenware jar of water, as St. Athanasius the Great says and others also say exceptional things about Zebedee.
Afterwards, Jesus revealed more perfect and sublime teaching to His Disciples, and when night fully came, in the Upper Room He handed over the Mystery of our Passover. Thus, it is said that He reclined at supper with the Twelve. Notice that this was not the Passover of the Old Law, because He both reclined and gave a supper of bread and drink. Under the Old Law, the Jews stood, with girded loins and walking staffs in hand during the meal. There all things crumbled away through Fire, including the use of unleavened bread. Before He began to eat (thus says the divine Chrysostom), He rose from supper, laid aside His garments, and poured water into a basin in preparation for the Washing of the feet. He did these things both to shame Judas and to remind the other Disciples that it is not right to seek the first place. Similarly, after the washing, He exhorted them by saying that he who wishes to be first must be last of all, showing Himself as an example. It seems that Christ first of all washed Judas, who most presumptuously sat first in line, and last He came to Peter. Since Peter was more high-spirited than the others, he prevented the Teacher, but when at the same time he heard from the Lord that if Christ did not wash his feet he would have no part with the Lord, he yielded quite readily.
So our Lord Jesus Christ washed the feet of the Disciples and showed a paradoxical exaltation through humility. He took His garments again and leaned back and exhorted and entreated them that they love one another and not seek the first place. While they were eating, He brought up the main point concerning His Betrayal. Since the Disciples were confused about His saying, Jesus said quietly to John alone, "It is he to whom I shall give a piece of bread when I have dipped it" (John 13:26). He spoke in this way because if Peter, being more high-spirited than the others, had known the truth, he would have taken it upon himself to strike a blow against Judas. Jesus said again, "He who dipped his hand with Me in the dish will betray Me" (Matt. 26:23). When both these events had occurred, after a little silence He took the bread and said, "Take, eat; this is My Body" (Matt. 26:26; Mark 14:22), and likewise the Cup, "Drink from it, all of you. For this is My Blood of the New Covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins" (Matt. 26:27-28; Mark 14:24). "Do this in memory of Me" (Luke 22:19). He performed these deeds and ate and drank with them. Notice that He calls His Body bread - not unleavened bread. Sol let those who offer the unleavened sacrifice be ashamed. After Judas tasted the bread, Satan entered into him, because when he first tempted him he already ruled over him completely. Then he withdrew and proceeded to the High Priests, in order that he might hand Christ over to them for thirty pieces of silver.
After the Supper, the Lord went out with the Disciples to the Mount of Olives, to a certain place called Gethsemane. Then Jesus said to them, "All of you will be made to stumble because of Me this night, for it is written, I will strike the Shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered. But after I have been raised, I will go before you to Galilee" (Matt. 26:31-32; Mark 14:27).
Peter said to Him, "Even if all are made to stumble, yet I will not be."
Jesus said to him, "Assuredly, I say to you that today, even this night, before the cock crows twice, you will deny Me three times" (Mark 14:28-30). He said "before the cock crows twice," because customarily the cock crows not once but even two or three times, and accordingly it so happened. Immeasurable grief, signifying the weakness of human nature, overtook Peter because of this saying of the Lord. The Lord withdrew in order that this might take place - after He handed over the whole world to Himself - so that of Himself He might make known the fickleness of human nature and grant pardon to sinners.
Nevertheless, on a higher level, the threefold denial of Peter depicted the sins of all men against God. These are the following: first is the transgression of the commandment which God gave to Adam, second is the transgression of the written Law, and third is the rejection of the Gospel proclamation. But when Peter repented, the Lord healed his denial and said three times, "Simon, son of Jonah, do you love Me?" (John 21:17). Thereafter, Jesus wished to show to the Disciples how fearful death is for all men, and He said, "My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here and watch with Me." He went a little farther and fell on His face and prayed, saying, "O My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from Me; nevertheless, not as I will but as You will" (Matt. 26:38-39). He said these things as a man in order to cleverly deceive the devil, so that he might think that Christ, although appearing as a man, feared death. He did this, while knowing the truth, so He might not forsake the Mystery of the Cross.
After this first prayer, the Lord returned to the Disciples and found them deep in sleep. Then the Lord addressed Peter and said, "What? Could you not watch with Me one hour? Watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak" (Matt. 26:40-41). He said these things to Peter so that he would clearly understand that He meant, "You say that you wish to struggle until death, so you doze in this manner with the rest?" Again, a second time, He went away and prayed, saying, "O My Father, if this cup cannot pass away from Me unless I drink it, Your will be done." And He came and found them asleep again, for their eyes were heavy. So He left them, went away again, and prayed the third time, saying the same words (Matt. 26:42-44). Then an angel appeared to Him from Heaven, strengthening Him. And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground (Luke 22:43-44). Then He came to His Disciples and said to them, "Are you still sleeping and resting? Behold, the hour is at hand, and the Son of Man is being betrayed into the hands of sinners. Rise, let us be going. See, My betrayer is at hand" (Matt. 26:45-46). Then He went beyond the brook of Kidron, where there was a garden that He entered with His Disciples. The Lord regularly frequented the garden, and so Judas was well acquainted with the place. Judas then took some of the band of soldiers, with a crowd following, and came upon Jesus, giving them the signal of the false kiss. He arranged it in this way because many times when the Lord was seized He passed out of their midst unseen. Yet the Lord came forward and said to them, "Whom are you seeking?" (John 18:4,7). Since it was still night, they did not recognize Him. Therefore they looked upon Him with lighted lanterns and torches, and with fear they slowly withdrew. When they returned, He made all things known.
When Judas gave the signal, Christ said, "Friend, why have you come?" (Matt.26:50). That is to say, "It is well timed, Judas, that you came." And again He said, "Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to take Me? I sat daily with you, teaching in the Temple, and you did not seize Me" (Matt. 26:55). They came at night so that some kind of riot might not be provoked by the crowd. Then the very high-spirited Peter drew back a sword and rushed at Malchus, the servant of the High Priest, cutting off his right ear—the implication being that the High Priest neither heard nor taught the Law correctly. Then Christ reproved Peter, saying that it is not good that a spiritual man is known to make use of a sword, and He healed the ear of Malchus. They arrested Jesus and brought Him bound to the courtyard of the former High Priest, who was the father-in-law of Caiaphas. There all the Pharisees and Scribes who held sentiments against Christ had been assembled.
Also, as the night passed on, there occurred the conversation between Peter and the servant girl during which he denied the Lord three times as the cock crowed twice. When Peter remembered the Lord's prophecy, he wept bitterly (see Mark 14:66-72).
When day arrived, they brought Christ from Annas to the High Priest Caiaphas, where He accepted both the spitters and the false witnesses who were summoned. When the day was already advanced, Caiaphas sent Him to Pilate. Those who brought Him did not enter into the Praetorium. so that they might not be defiled and might eat the Passover. For it appears that it was fitting that they eat the Passover then, especially from the many things Christ said before the Supper on Thursday evening when He ate it and afterwards handed over the more superb and exalted teachings. For, as we have said before, it was fitting that the Truth was to follow what was typified in the Law. As St. John the Theologian says, all these events came together before the feast of the Passover during the night of Thursday and on into Friday. For this reason we keep the feast, properly remembering these awesome and ineffable works and deeds.
Through Your ineffable compassion, O Christ our God,have mercy on us and save us.
Amen.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
O God, be merciful to me, a sinner.
愿上帝怜恤我罪人
O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God,
for the sake of the prayers
of Thy most pure Mother,
our holy and God-bearing fathers and all the saints, have mercy on us.
Amen.
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Blessed be God.
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