συνοδικός
December 28 / December 15
2018 (7527)
HIEROMARTYR ELEUTHERIUS, BISHOP OF ILLYRIA, AND HIS MOTHER, MARTYR ANTHIA AND MARTYR CORIVUS THE EPARCH (126). VEN. PAUL OF MT. LATROS (956). MARTYR ELEUTHERIUS (4TH C.). VEN. PARDUS, HERMIT (6TH C.). ST. STEPHEN THE CONFESSOR, ARCHBISHOP OF SUROZH IN THE CRIMEA (790)
Nativity (St Philip's) Fast
Synaxis of All Saints of KOLSK (a peninsula in the far northwest of Russia) including:
• Venerable TRYPHON 特里丰 of Pechenga or Kola, Apostle of Laponia (1583) // DEC 15 //
• Hosiosmartyr hieromonk JONAH 约纳 of Pechenga of Kola (1590) martyred disciple of St Tryphon // DEC 15 //
• Venerable Blessed FEODORIT (Theodorit) of Kola (16th c.)
• Venerable BARLAAM of Keret’ of Kola (16th c.)
• Hosiosmartyr HERMAN of Pechenga (16th c.)
• Martyred Brotherhood of St Tryphon Monastery of Pechenga: Hieromartyr GURIAS of Pechenga; Hieromartyr PAKHOMIOS of Pechenga; Hieromartyr JOSEPH of Pechenga; Hosiosmartyrs THEODOSIOS, MAKARIOS, GENNADIJ, ONUFRIJ, PHILOFEJ, ONISIM, IOV, SAMPSON, SERAPION, GEORGE, IUSTIN, SAVVA, SPIRIDON, SAVVATIJ, CYRILL, SIMEON, ALEXANDER, KALLISTRAT, THEOPHIL, AMBROSE, HERMAN, DANIIL, THEOGNOST, MOSES, THEODORITE, VALERIAN, GERASIM, AVRAAMIJ, DOROFEJ, LONGIN, JEFREM, THEODOSIOS, PAISIOS, GREGORY, FILIMON; 116 Martyrs (murdered labours, donuts and piligrims) of Pechenga including NIKIPHOR, EVSEJ, PROKHOR, SAVVA, ANTONY, IOAKIM, KONON, EVSEVIJ, IOANN, OREST, IOANN, ARTEMIOS, JEVGRAF, THEODOR, NIKITA, NIKITA, NIKITA, IGNATIUS, THEODOR, DIMITRIJ, RODION, GAVRIIL, CONSTANTINE, CONSTANTINE, IOANN, LUKA, LEONTIJ, THEODOT, FOMA, GAVRIIL, DEMENTIOS, ARTEMIOS, STEPHAN, ANDREW, PARTHENIOS, NIKIPHOR, ANANIJA, STEPHAN, EMILIAN, PHILIPP, CORNILIOS, IOANN, IOANN, DANIIL, STEPHAN, PHOKA, NIKITA, ARHIPP, GAVRIIL, IOANN, Martyresses AKILINA and EVFIMIJA, and others (1859) • Venerables ASTERIUS (Aksij) (15th c.), AVKSENTIJ (16th c.) and TARASIUS of Kashkaran (17th c.)
• Hieromartyr MOSES Kozhyn (20th c.)
• Hosiosmartyr THEODOR Abrosimov (20th c.)
• Holy Apostle ANDREW the First Called (62) // JUN 20 // NOV 30 //
• Hieromartyr KLEMENCE Pope of Rome (101) // JAN 30 // APR 22 // SEP 10 // NOV 25 //
• Hieromartyr bishop EPHREM of Khersoness (4th c.) // MAR 7 //
• Hieromartyr bishop BASIL of Khersoness (309) // MAR 7 //
• Hieromartyr bishop AGATHODOR of Khersoness (311) // MAR 7 //
• Hieromartyr bishop EUGENE of Khersoness (311) // MAR 7 //
• Hieromartyr bishop ELPIDIOS of Khersoness (311) // MAR 7 //
• Sainted bishop ETHERIOS of Khersoness (324) // MAR 7 //
• Hieromartyr bishop KAPITON of Khersoness (326) // MAR 7 //
• Sainted MARTIN I of Rome (655) // APR 14 //
• Sainted archbishop STEPHEN 斯特梵 the Confessor of Sourozh (750) // DEC 15 //
Ὁ Ἅγιος Στέφανος Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Σουρόζας
Stephen was born in Cappadocia and educated in Constantinople under the Patriarch, St Germanus. He withdrew into solitude and lived hidden from the world. An angel appeared to St Germanus and ordered him to appoint Stephen bishop of the town of Sourozh (now Sudak in the Crimea), and the patriarch did so. The zealous Stephen converted many to Christianity. He suffered bitterly under Emperor Leo the Isaurian for the sake of icons. He prophesied to the emperor his impending death. Following this wicked emperor's evil death, Stephen was returned to his diocese, where he fed his God-pleasing flock and died peacefully at the end of the 8th century.
• Venerable IOANN bishop of Crimean Gothia (790) // MAY 19 // JUN 26 //
• Sainted archbishop SAVVA of Sourozh (12th c. ) // APR 2 //
• Sainted archbishop LUKA Vojno-Jasenetskij, of Simferopol (1877-1961) // MAR 29 //
• Sainted bishop IUSTIN (Michael Pol’anskij) (1832-1903)
• Hosiosmartyr hieromonk BARTHOLOMEOS Ratnykh (1894 - 1938) // JAN 28 // NOV 19 // CRIMEA // NEW MARTYRS&CONFESSORS //
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἐλευθέριος
Ἡ Ἁγία Ἀνθία ἡ Μάρτυς
Ὁ Ἅγιος Κοράμων ὁ Μάρτυρας ὁ Ἔπαρχος
Οἱ Ἅγιοι Δύο Δήμιοι Μάρτυρες
Eleutherius name is a form of the Greek word for "freedom."
• Martyrs FAUSTINUS, LUCIUS, CANDIDUS, CAELIAN, MARK, JANUARIUS and FORTUNATUS in North Africa
• 22 Christians Martyrs together in the persecutions of Valerian: ANTONIUS, IRENAEUS, SATURNIN, THEODORUS, VICTOR and Companions in Rome, Italy (258)
• Hieromartyr HILARION 伊拉里雍 (Vladimir Troitskij) bishop of Verey (1886-1929) day of death in hospital of prison "Kresty" at St Peterburg of Russia
• Hieromartyr JOSEPH metropolitan of Petrograd (1938)
• Hieromartyr ALEXANDER Rozhdestvenskij, presbiter, priest (1874-1937) day of martyrdom, shoted at Tver
• Hieromartyr BASIL Vinogradov, presbiter, priest (1891-1937) day of martyrdom, shoted at Tver
• Hieromartyr VIKTORIN Dobronravov, presbiter, priest (1889-1937) day of martyrtyrdom, shoted in Borovichi of Novgorod
• Hieromartyr PAVEL Florenskij
• Monk ARSENIUS of Kalipos (12-13th c.) Georgia
• Sainted AUBERTUS 阿弗维尔特 Bishop of Cambrai-Arras (669) Netherlands
• Holy Monkmartyr BACCHUS瓦克霍 the New (787) of Mar Saba (St Sabbas Monastery)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Βάκχος ὁ Νέος
• VM CLAUDIA at Rome
• Virgin CHRÉTIENNE (3rd c.)
• CHRISTIANA the Slave (4th c.)
Fourth century Christian maiden kidnapped and enslaved by the pagan Iberi around the Caspian and Black Sea; her real name is lost to us, and she was called Christiana because she refused to give up her faith. Having performed miracles by praying, Christiana converted members of the Iberi royal family who sent to Emperor Constantine for priests and missionaries to convert their people.
• Holy Father DROSTAN of Old Deer and Aberdeen (6th c.) disciple of Columba, abbot and hermit
Holy Father Drostan, pray to God for us.
• Martyr ELEUTHERIUS 埃莱弗特里 at Constantinople, the Cubicularius (Chamberlain) (305) // DEC 15 // AUG 4 //
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἐλευθέριος ὁ Κουβικουλάριος
• EUSEBIUS Bishop of Vercelli (371)
• FLORENTIUS (Flann) (7th c.) Abbot of Bangor Monastery in Ireland
Abbot of Bangor Abbey, Ireland. One of the leaders of the great monastic program of evangelization and protection of the arts in Ireland.
• Commemoration of the ordination (15 December 397) of St JOHN Chrysostom as the Patriarch of Constantinople (407)
Μνήμη Χειροτονίας Ἁγίου Ἰωάννου τοῦ Χρυσοστόμου
• MACARIUS Bishop of Sinai (1252)
• MAXIMINUS (Mesmin) (520) 1st Abbot of Micy near Orleans in France
Nephew of Saint Euspicius. Co-founder and first abbot of the Abbey of Micy, France on land donated by King Clovis. Legend says that at one point he prayed a dragon into submission, and then spent his later years as hermit in the dragon's former cave.
• Holy Woman Virgin MOGINA (Mona, Mugain or Moghain) of Clúain Bairenn, of daughters of Oilill
• NINO (Nina Fruzianska, Nunia, Nonna, Theognosta or Christiana) Equal to the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia (335)
• Venerable NECTARIUS of Bitel (Nektarios of Bitola, Nektarij Bitolski) in Bulgaria (1500) tonsured into the angelic schema of Karea, Mt Athos
• NOTHELM Archbishop of Canterbury, England, Friend of Saint Bede
• Venerable OFFA King of Essex in England, he went to Rome and took up the monastic life (709)
• Venerable PARDUS 帕尔铎 the Hermit (598) in Palestine
St Pardus once came to Jericho as a cart-driver. Leaving his mules in front of an inn, he entered it. At that moment, a child fell under the mule, and the mule trampled the child with its hooves and killed it. When Pardus saw the bloody and dead child killed by his mule, he was so crushed in heart that he felt himself intentionally responsible for the child's death. And this man of conscience imposed the harshest penance upon himself. He abandoned his trade, left the world and, even though he was relatively young, withdrew to the harsh wilderness, where he undertook a life of difficult asceticism consisting of physical and spiritual labor and repentance. With many tears, he offered repentance to God for the murder of the child. He desired to pay for the life of the child with his own life, and he prayed to God that He would somehow make this possible. He teased a lion so that the lion would tear him apart, but the lion fled from him. He lay on the narrow path on which the lion walked so that he would be killed by the beast, but the lion leapt over him and would not touch him. Seeing, therefore, that it was God's will for him to live and not perish, he was at peace with himself but remained a contrite penitent until his death.
• Venerable PAUL 保罗 the New Ascetic (955) of Latros
Ὁ Ὅσιος Παῦλος ὁ νέος ὁ ἀσκητής
• SILVIA (Silviana, Sylvia) of Constantinople (420) the most learned woman of her day. Fought against heresies
• Hosiosmartyress Virgin SUSANNA (Susannah or Sosanne) 苏散纳, Deaconess of Palestine (305) took on the appearance of a man and changed her name to John
Ἡ Ἁγία Σωσάννη
Upon the repose of her parents, the blessed maiden distributed her entire inheritance among the poor and freed all her servants. Then she donned men's clothing, cut her hair and went to a men's monastery in Jerusalem, assuming the name John. On account of her many virtues, she was made an Archimandrite of this monastery. When twenty years passed, she became the victim of serious slander. A certain ascetic woman came to the monastery, and believing Susanna to be a man, she was instigated by the evil one to draw "Archimandrite John" into sin. Because Susanna did not consent, the spurned woman resolved to accuse Susanna of taking her by force. Susanna gladly accepted the slanderous accusation and asked forgiveness from the woman.
However, the Bishop of Eleutheropolis learned of this and went to the monastery, to find out why the Abbot allowed such disorderly things to take place. The Abbot therefore decided to remove the monastic schema from the accused "Archimandrite John". Out of necessity the blessed Susanna came, and asked for two virgins and two female deaconesses, to whom she informed that she was a woman. When the Bishop found out about this, he was astonished, and ordained her a Deaconess. From then on the blessed one worked many miracles in the name of the Lord. When Alexander, the governor, went to Eleutheropolis and offered sacrifice to the idols there, the Saint voluntarily approached him, and with prayer alone toppled down the idols. Then standing before the governor, she confessed Christ. For this he had her breasts cut off, but they were restored and made well by the power of God. When those who cut off her breasts saw this miraculous restoration, they also believed in Christ. Hence they were beheaded and received the crown of martyrdom. Then molten lead was poured through a funnel into Susanna's mouth and filled up her intestines. Nevertheless, the Saint remained unharmed by divine grace. Wherefore she was beaten, then cast into a fire, where she surrendered her soul to God. Thus she went to the Lord her desired Bridegroom.
• URBITIUS (Úrbez) (805) born in Bordeaux and became a monk in France but became a prisoner of the Saracens and was taken to Spain. He managed to escape and settled as a hermit in the valley of Nocito in the Pyrenees near Huesca
• VALERIAN (457) Bishop of Abbenza in North Africa who, aged over eighty, was left to die of exposure for refusing to give up the sacred vessels. He died under the Arian Genseric King of the Vandals
• Venerable Abbot WUNIBALD of Heidenheim (701-761)
St Nikodemos Explains How We Came to Celebrate Christmas on December 25th Synaxarion
On the 15th of December we Commemorate THE ORDINATION OF SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM.
We must know that on the fifteenth of the month of December, the divine John Chrysostom was ordained Patriarch of Constantinople, when the feast of Christ's Nativity began to be celebrated by him. Because at that time information had come from the West, and in time the feast followed. Wherefore an apologetic discourse was proclaimed by him which is most beautiful and most beneficial.
Note by St. Nikodemos the Hagiorite:
We note here that the discourse in which the divine Chrysostom refers to the feast of the Nativity of Christ, was not proclaimed by him on this day, as stated here by the Synaxaristes, but rather on the day of Christ's Nativity [December 25th]. He begins by saying: "That which, long ago, the Patriarchs travailed with, the Prophets foretold, and the Righteous desired to see, has come to pass, and received its completion today." This discourse is found in the fifth volume of the Eton edition. There the Saint says the following regarding the Nativity of Christ: "Although it is not yet the tenth year, from when this day has become clear and well known to us, but nevertheless it has flourished through your zeal, as if delivered to us from the beginning and many years ago." And also: "We have received the day [the 25th of December] from those who know these things accurately and who dwell in that city [Rome]. For the ones living there, having observed it from the beginning and from ancient tradition, now have themselves transmitted that knowledge of it to us."
It appears that among some, as well as in the city of Antioch, the homeland of Chrysostom, the day of the Nativity of Christ was not celebrated on the twenty-fifth of December, nor universally among all the Churches of Christians. My words are affirmed by the polymath Dositheos of Jerusalem, who writes on page 1221 of his Dodekavivlon that Archbishop John of Nicaea wrote to the Catholicos of Armenia, saying that James the Brother of God did not censure this: that the feast of the Nativity of Christ took place on the twenty-fifth of December. And because some celebrated the two feasts of the Nativity and Baptism of Christ on one day, for this reason Cyril of Jerusalem wrote to Pope Julius on this matter. Julius studied the royal statements, and he found Josephus saying that in the seventh month during the feast of Tabernacles on the day of Atonement (which was on the tenth of that month), as dictated by the Law: "This shall be a permanent statute for you: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall humble your souls and not do any work, whether the native, or the foreigner who sojourns among you; for it is on this day that atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you; you will be clean from all your sins before the Lord" (Lev. 16:29). It was then that Zechariah saw the Angel and was made mute, and John was conceived on the twenty-third of September, and six months later, on the twenty-fifth of March, the Theotokos was announced about the Lord. Therefore she gave birth to Him on the twenty-fifth of December. Hence he informed the East about this matter. For this reason Basil the Great delivered his laudatory discourse on the Nativity of Christ on the twenty-fifth of December. And Gregory the Theologian proclaimed this in Constantinople. Emperor Honorius of Rome also showed his brother Arcadius in Constantinople that the Romans with much splendor celebrated the Nativity of Christ on the twenty-fifth of December. Anastasios the Roman, Theophilos of Alexandria and John of Jerusalem also celebrated it thus. But the sacred Augustine also, in Book 4, Chapter 5 of On the Holy Trinity, affirms that the Lord was born on the twenty-fifth of December, as well as the Ekatontaetiris of Eugenios Voulgaris.
The above mentioned John of Nicaea says that Chrysostom wrote Saint Isaac the Catholicos of Armenia about the day of the Nativity of Christ (that it is celebrated on the twenty-fifth of December, as stated in the above discourse). Because Isaac went to the Patriarch who had been exiled (for some accusation), for this reason he did not answer Chrysostom. Here Dositheos says that Chrysostom was a Priest when he wrote the above panegyric discourse on the Nativity of Christ. From what has been said, therefore, it has become clear that even before Chrysostom, the Nativity of Christ was celebrated on the twenty-fifth of December not only by the Romans in the West, but also in the East.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
O God, be merciful to me, a sinner.
愿上帝怜恤我罪人
O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God,
for the sake of the prayers
of Thy most pure Mother,
our holy and God-bearing fathers and all the saints, have mercy on us.
Amen.
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Blessed be God.
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