συνοδικός
March 30 / March 17
2019 (7527)
ST. ALEXIS THE MAN OF GOD, IN ROME (411). MARTYR MARINUS, SOLDIER, AT CAESAREA IN PALESTINE (260). ST. MACARIUS (1483)
Μεγάλη Τεσσαρακοστή • GREAT 40 DAYS • Μεγάλη Νηστεία • GREAT FAST
Third Week of the Great Lent. DAY 20
2nd Saturday of Great Lent: MEMORIAL SATURDAY
Saturday is the day which the Church has set aside for the commemoration of faithful Orthodox Christians departed this life in the hope of resurrection to eternal life. Since the Divine Liturgy cannot be served on weekdays during Great Lent, the second, third, and fourth Saturdays of the Fast are appointed as Soul Saturdays when the departed are remembered at Liturgy.
In addition to the Liturgy, kollyva (wheat or rice cooked with honey and mixed with raisins, figs, nuts, sesame, etc.) is blessed in church on these Saturdays. The kollyva reminds us of the Lord’s words, “Unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit” (John 12:24).The kollyva symbolizes the future resurrection of all the dead. As Saint Simeon of Thessalonica (September 15) says, man is also a seed which is planted in the ground after death, and will be raised up again by God’s power. Saint Paul also speaks of this (I Cor. 15:35-49).
It is customary to give alms in memory of the dead in addition to the prayers we offer for their souls. The angel who spoke to Cornelius testifies to the efficacy of almsgiving, “Your prayers and your alms have ascended as a memorial before God” (Acts 10:4).
Memorial services for the dead may be traced back to ancient times. Chapter 8 of the Apostolic Constitutions recommends memorial services with Psalms for the dead. It also contains a beautiful prayer for the departed, asking that their voluntary and involuntary sins be pardoned, that they be given rest with the Patriarchs, Prophets, and Apostles in a place where sorrow, suffering, and sighing have fled away (Isaiah 35:10). Saint John Chrysostom mentions the service for the dead in one of his homilies on Philippians, and says that it was established by the Apostles. Saint Cyprian of Carthage (Letter 37) also speaks of our duty to remember the martyrs.
The holy Fathers also testify to the benefit of offering prayers, memorial services, Liturgies, and alms for the dead (Saint John Chrysostom, Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, Saint John of Damascus, etc.). Although both the righteous and those who have not repented and corrected themselves may receive benefit and consolation from the Church’s prayer, it has not been revealed to what extent the unrighteous can receive this solace. It is not possible, however, for the Church’s prayer to transfer a soul from a state of evil and condemnation to a state of holiness and blessedness. Saint Basil the Great points out that the time for repentance and forgiveness of sins is during the present life, while the future life is a time for righteous judgment and retribution (Moralia 1). Saint John Chrysostom, Saint Gregory the Theologian, and other patristic writers concur with Saint Basil’s statement.
By praying for others, we bring benefit to them, and also to ourselves, because “God is not so unjust as to forget your work and the love which you showed for His sake in serving the saints...” (Heb. 6:10).
• MM ALEXANDER and THEODORE (2nd c.) early martyrs in Rome
It has been conjectured that they should be identified with Saints Alexander and Theodulus.
• Martyrs of Alexandria (392)
Theophilus, patriarch of Alexandria, obtained a rescript of the Emperor Theodosius, to convert an old deserted temple of Bacchus into a Christian church. In clearing this place, in the subterraneous secret caverns, called by the Greeks Adita, and held by the pagans as sacred, were found infamous and ridiculous figures, which Theophilus caused to be exposed in public, to show the extravagant superstitions of the idolaters. The heathens in tumults raised a sedition, killed many Christians in the streets, and then retired into the great temple of Serapis as their fortress. In sallies they seized many Christians, and upon their refusing to sacrifice to Serapis, put them to death by cruel torments, crucifying them, breaking their legs, and throwing them into the sinks and jakes of the temple, with the blood of their victims.
• VM MARY and her brother M Presbyter JAMES at Telrada on the Euphrates (4th c.)
• Hieromartyr ALEXANDER 亚历山大 Polivanov, presbiter, priest of Krasnoyarsk (1919) day of martyrdom, shoted in selo Altat of Achinsk at Jenisej
• Hieromartyr VIKTOR 祭维克托 Kiranov, presbiter, archpriest of Berdyansk, Protopresbyter of Simferopol in Crimea (1881-1942) day of death in Kraslag NKVD KZ in Kansk at Krasnojarck
• Repose of TIKHON Troitsky, Archbishop of San Francisco and Western America (1883-1963)
Tikhon was succeeded in the see of San Francisco by St John Maximovitch in 1962. He is buried at Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York).
May the Lord be merciful to the ever-memorable servant of God, Blessed Tikhon, and give him rest in Abraham's bosom, and number him among the just.
Son of a Gallo-Roman senator. Bishop of Châlon-sur-Saône, France in 532; he governed the diocese for 48 years. Friend of Saint Gregory of Tours who wrote glowingly of him. Known for his simple, austere personal life, and his devotion to the spiritual lives of his flock.
• Venerable ALEXIS 阿莱克西 the Man of God (411) in Rome
Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀλέξιος ὁ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Ἀλεξία
上帝的仆人阿莱克西
上帝引领他所喜悦的人、引领履行他律法的人的道路是不同的。霍诺里乌斯皇帝在位期间在罗马生活着一位显赫的高官欧分明，他和他的妻子阿尔加都过着讨主喜悦的生活。即使他们很富有，但是欧分明每日只进食一次，就是在太阳下山的时候的一顿饭。他们的独生子名叫阿莱克西。当阿莱克西长大之后，在父母的强迫下成了婚。但是在新婚之夜，阿莱克西不仅远离了他的妻子，也远离了他父母的家。他登上一艘船来到了美索布达米亚的埃德萨，在那里有一副非常著名的主耶稣的圣像，这也是主自己亲手交给阿布加尔皇帝的。阿莱克西非常尊敬这副圣像，他将其打扮成乞丐的样子，在埃德萨居住了17年的时间。期间，他经常到圣母大教堂的前庭向上帝祷告。后来，他的虔敬为人所知，为了避免别人的称颂，他只好离开埃德萨，打算坐船前往老底家。出于上帝的天意，他所乘坐的船偏离了航线，一直驶向罗马。阿莱克西认定这是上帝的意愿，于是决定返回自己的老家，以一个陌生人的身份，继续过着自我克制的生活。阿莱克西的父亲没有认出他，然而出于好心就收留了他，让他在后院的一个小屋子里居住。自此，阿莱克西在自己老家的后院中居住了17年的时间，期间以清水和面包充饥。虽然受到了家仆的苦待，但是他都忍受过来了。临终前，阿莱克西事先写好了一封信握在手中，然后安然躺下离世。当时是公元411年3月17日。与此同时，他的死讯也被十二圣徒大教堂里被启示出来：当时的皇帝和牧首都在场，一个声音传出来：“去找出上帝的仆人”。随后又有启示，指出这位上帝的仆人居住在欧分明的大宅之中。于是皇帝与教宗同随行人员一同来到了欧分明家里。在经过长时间的打听之后，才知道那个乞丐就是“上帝的仆人”。众人挤进了阿莱克西的小屋，发现他的面孔如同日光，早已死去。阅读了他的遗言之后，父母才知道这个乞丐原来就是自己的亲儿子，而34年来一直寡居的妻子此刻才知道这原来就是自己的丈夫。家人悲痛万分，之后，当得知上帝如何恩宠他的仆人之后，家人才有了安慰。阿莱克西的遗体不但医治好很多病人，而且从他的圣髑中不时流出芳香的圣油来。稍后，阿莱克西的身体被安葬在由大理石和玉石组成的石棺里，而他的头则被安放在伯罗奔尼撒的圣劳鲁斯教堂内。
• AMBROSE 安弗若西 the Deacon (395/400) disciple of St Didymus the Blind of Alexandria
Saint Ambrose, a rich nobleman of Alexandria, befriended and financially helped the great Eastern Father of the Church, Origen. He suffered imprisonment for the faith under Maximinus but was released and died as a confessor.
• Venerable BECCAN 贝坎 of Rhum (677)
• Virgin FAILTIGERN (Faoiltigern)
• Hosiosmartyr GABRIEL 伽弗里伊尔 the Lesser 幼者 of Garesja, Georgia (1802)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Γαβριὴλ ὁ Ὁσιομάρτυρας ὁ Μικρός
• Venerabless GERTRUDE 格尔特鲁德 Abs. of Nivelles (Nijvel) in Brabant (626-659)
Benedictine abbess, the daughter of Blessed Pepin of Landen and Blessed Itta of Ida. Itta founded Nivelles Abbey and installed Gertrude as abbess in 639. Gertrude was a mystic, gifted with visions. She befriended the Irish saints Foillian and Ultan. Gertrude is a patroness of cats, travelers and gardeners; against mice and suriphobia, against fever, insanity, mental disorders and illness. Saint Gertrude is the Patron Saint of gardeners because fine weather on her feast day meant it was time to begin spring planting. Her patronage of travellers comes from her hospitality toward them. Pilgrims used to drink a stirrup-cup in her honor before setting out. As an extension, she was also invoked as a patroness of those who had recently died, who were popularly supposed to experience a three-day journey to the next world. It was supposed that they spent the first night under the care of Gertrude, and the second under Saint Michael the Archangel.
• Sainted GURIAS 固利乙 (Gregory Karpov) Archbishop of Tauria and Simferopol (1814-1882) Enlightener of China
固利乙曾任第十二屆北京傳道團的司祭，及第十四屆北京傳道團的首腦。於兩次派遣至中國期間，致力於經書漢譯。
Immediately after completing the academy, Gury was sent with the Russian Spiritual Mission to China. While living for 18 years in China, first as a member of the Spiritual Mission, and later as chief of Mission (which partially replaced the embassy), he exerted much effort and energy in fulfilling the task he had been given. Difficulties were constantly encountered, but he loved his work and was persistent and patient in seeing it through to the end. In order not to freeze in winter, he himself had acquire the skill of laying the bricks of a traditional Russian stove, and later to teach others to do so. From oven picks and shovels, he had to pick up a bow and violin, in order to turn the Albazinians into the Beijing Choir which was — if not better than — certainly no worse than an bishop's choir. Gury mastered the Chinese language, was proficient in speaking and writing. He rendered into Chinese the New Testament in two volumes, the Psalter, church history, and a number of other books dealing with Orthodox services. Moreover, he intensively studied this centuries-old country with multi-million inhabitants and the nature of our relationship with it. He often said the material he collected could make up two huge volumes and that they would contain much that was unknown. But the enormous data was never published. Later, when he was already serving as a bishop in Russia, Gury dreamed of retiring to a monastery in order to refine and systematize the materials, but he could not carry out the dream. After his death this enormous data, written on separate scraps of paper was thrown out as garbage. During his archpastoral service, Gury proved to be extraordinarily wise in resource management. At the same time, he distinguished himself by fine personal qualities; he was even-tempered, kind to people, loved truth. His Eminence, Gury, was one of the most learned men of his time; he was proficient not only in Chinese, but also in a number of other of the newest languages. According to the memoirs of I. Palimpestov, "he was one of the finest conversationalists. His knowledge was most versatile, his heart responsive to everything good. He used words sparingly, but every one of his expressions was precise, as if cast in a distinct mold. Likewise in writing. He advised me to save all correspondence. One can destroy at any time, but how does one restore what has been destroyed?… See how in other lands they collect old things, and how they treasure each particle which falls away?" From his first days of administering the Taurian eparchy, he devoted himself to the education of clergy. The result of his labors was the opening of a theological seminary and two religious schools — one for males and one for females. He succeeded in improving economic conditions for the clergy of his eparchy. As an archpastor, he left a fine memory of himself. Because of the quality of his spirit, his versatile education, large number of societal works, and broad experience, His Eminence Gury, should be counted among the most memorable hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church.
• JOSEPH of Arimathea (1st c.)
He was a member of the Jewish Sanhedrim, but a faithful disciple of Jesus. It was no small proof of his great piety, that, though he had riches and honours to lose, he feared not the malice of men, but at a time when the apostles trembled, boldly declared himself a follower of Jesus who was crucified; and with the greatest devotion embalmed and buried his sacred body. This saint was the patron of Glastenbury, where a church and hermitage, very famous in the times of the ancient Britons, were built by the first apostles of this island: among whom some moderns have placed St Joseph himself, and Aristobulus.
• LASSAIR (also Laszra or Lasra)
• LLINIO of Llandinam (520) Abbot and Founder of Llandinam, Powys, Wales
• Venerable MACARIUS 玛喀里 abbot of Kalyazin, wonderworker (1483)
Ὁ Ὅσιος Μακάριος ἡγούμενος τῆς μονῆς Κολγιαζὶν τῆς Ρωσίας
• Holy Martyr MARINUS 玛利诺 a soldier at Caesarea in Palestine (260)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Μαρίνος
殉道者，圣玛利诺
玛利诺是一位士兵。他自己不敬拜偶像，要是他看到其他人敬拜偶像的话，他就会将偶像踩在地上。这种举动给他带来的后果就是，公元3世纪他遭到了痛苦的折磨之后被斩首。当时，有一名身穿白衣的元老阿斯蒂里乌斯看到了玛利诺遭受的一切。他看到了追随基督的人的那种无畏的信心，之后他对基督也产生了渴慕之心，于是，他勇敢地将玛利诺的尸体扛在肩上离开刑场，将其安葬。异教徒看到了他的行为，也将其当作基督徒一同杀掉。
Saint Marin, inspired by ardent love for Christ the Saviour, destroyed the altar in an idolous temple on one of the feasts, trampling underfoot the sacrifices and confessed himself a christian in front of everyone. After cruel tortures the saint was beheaded.
• Sainted Bishop PATRICK 帕特里克 Enlightener of Ireland (390-451/460)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Πατρίκιος Ἀπόστολος τῆς Ἰρλανδίας
I came to the Irish people to preach the Gospel and endure the taunts of unbelievers, putting up with reproaches about my earthly pilgrimage, suffering many persecutions, even bondage, and losing my birthright of freedom for the benefit of others. If I am worthy, I am ready also to give up my life, without hesitation and most willingly, for Christ's name. I want to spend myself for that country, even in death, if the Lord should grant me this favor. It is among that people that I want to wait for the promise made by him, who assuredly never tells a lie. He makes this promise in the Gospel: "They shall come from the east and west and sit down with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob." This is our faith: believers are to come from the whole world. - from the Confession of Saint Patrick
聖博德[a]（約386年－461年），音譯「聖派翠克」（英语：St. Patrick；愛爾蘭語：Naomh Pádraig；威爾斯語：Sant Patrig），天主教通稱「聖巴特利爵」（拉丁語：Sanctus Patricius），是西元5世紀愛爾蘭的基督教傳教士與主教，他將基督教信仰帶到愛爾蘭島，使愛爾蘭走出了蠻荒時代，被後世稱作「愛爾蘭使徒」，並受譽為「愛爾蘭的主保聖人」。
派翠克於西元386年左右出生於英格蘭（亦可能在蘇格蘭或威爾士地區）。当时基督教在380年剛剛被立為羅馬帝國國教，英格蘭屬於羅馬帝國的一部分，愛爾蘭则不屬於羅馬帝國，還处于蠻荒時代，也不信基督教。他的祖父是一位神父，而他的父親則是一位教會執事。他從小叛逆，既不信神，也不认真讀書。
派翠克16歲的時候被愛爾蘭海盜所擄，帶到愛爾蘭島，成為奴隸，在西海岸地区牧羊，历尽艰辛。但這時候他從小接觸到的基督教信仰卻在他心裡成長，他向神悔改他的罪，開始熱切地敬拜神。他在自傳中寫道：“我到了愛爾蘭以後，我曾經每天放羊，那時我每天禱告許多次，神的愛、我對他的敬畏和信心與日俱增，我的靈被感動，白天禱告上百次，晚上也是如此。我也曾到樹林裡和山上去，在天亮以前起來禱告，在雪地裡，在冰寒中，在雨中，我卻不生病，也不懈怠，我現在知道，那是因為聖靈在我裡面燃燒。”
他被掳后过了六年，有一天他在睡梦中听见声音说“你很快就要回到你的祖国了。看啊，你的船已经准备好了”。他于是逃跑了。在两百英里外的海边，果然有一只船要往英格兰去！但回家的路非常坎坷。一开始船员拒绝带他，后来才又突然改变主意。渡海上岸后，他经历了更多的艰险，饥饿、疾病、囚禁，危机四伏、险象环生，几个月后才终于回到了家。家人喜出望外，热切地迎接这位失而复得的儿子，庆幸从此可以家人团聚，再也不要分开。
但是他却听到神呼召要他回爱尔兰去，他在自传中写道：“有一天晚上，我在异像中看见一个名叫维多利格的人走过来，带来许多从爱尔兰来的信，他递给我其中一封，信的开头写着‘爱尔兰的声音’。我读到这里的时候，彷彿听见爱尔兰西海岸的树林中有一些声音，同声向我呼求：‘我们恳求你，圣洁的青年，请你来，与我们同行。’我心中刺痛，不能再读，醒了过来。感谢神，许多年后，神按着他们所呼求赐予了他们。”
但是他没有立刻回到爱尔兰，而是在教会服事中经历了很多磨练，更加成熟以后才去。他在自传中写道：“我没有按着自己的意愿马上去爱尔兰，而是直到我都几乎要放弃了。在这个过程中，神让我改正，也预备了我，以致今天我与过去判若两人，让我在别人的得救上有分，而在那时候我只是想着自己。” 後來他毅然再次离家，与亲人分离，回到爱尔兰，走遍了爱尔兰各个角落，一生傳揚基督教信仰。他经受了許多的磨難。他在自传中写道：“每一天我都有可能被杀、被围、被奴、或有其他的什么事情发生，但因为有天国的应许，我就坦然无惧”。不仅如此，他效法耶稣，为那些逼迫他的人祷告。有一次许多基督徒被一位克罗提克属下的士兵杀害，他写了一封公开信斥责这些人的残酷，信是这样结尾的：“让这封信在所有人面前宣读，特别是在克罗提克面前。假如能这样，愿神感动他们归回认识神，愿他们能悔改杀害我主的弟兄们的大罪，愿他们能释放被他们囚禁的妇女们，这样他们可以在上帝那里得生命，成为完全，直到永远。愿平安归于父、子、圣灵。阿门”。
派翠克是一位很有恩賜的傳道人。他自己給幾千人施過洗，上到贵族，下到奴隶。他很有策略。他积极建立教會，栽培傳道人。他非常谦卑，他说“是神的恩典使我能够一生以真理和谦卑服事各族的人，直到末了”。他没有什么文化，称自己是“简单的乡下人、逃犯、无知的人”。他的自传是用粗糙的拉丁文写的，但却非常自如地引用圣经，显然他对圣经非常熟悉，也非常推崇别人对法律和圣经的研究。他成為愛爾蘭區主教，奠定了愛爾蘭的基督教信仰基礎。 据估计，派翠克在西元461年逝世。在后续几个世纪之内，爱尔兰岛的修道院日渐兴盛，修士们仔细抄写和研读圣经，也保存了古典时期的学术著作。在这期间，许多神学家、学者和宣教士（如聖高隆）不断涌现，他们推动了包括島嶼藝術在内的海岛文化之发展，与逐渐堕入黑暗时代的欧洲大陆成为鲜明对比。爱尔兰教会秉承帕特里克的传统，非常重视宣教，不仅影响了欧洲大陆，还壮大了凯尔特传教运动。追根溯源，帕特里克，当然还有同时期的其他宣教士，都功不可没。
每年3月17日的圣帕特里克节是纪念聖博德逝世的日子，也成為慶祝愛爾蘭文化的節日。在很多有愛爾蘭人後裔的國家都會有慶祝活動。 傳說派翠克曾以三葉草解釋聖父、聖子及聖靈乃三位一體，三葉草也因此成為愛爾蘭文化的傳統標誌之一。 英國國旗由兩個十字構成，橫平豎直的十字為代表英格蘭的聖喬治十字，斜紋對頂的十字為代表北愛爾蘭的聖派翠克十字。這兩個十字代表了大不列顛聯合王國是英格蘭與北愛爾蘭的共同體。 俄罗斯正教会于2017年将圣帕特里克列入圣人历，并于3月30日（儒略历3月17日）纪念他。 传说帕特里克行神迹将蛇从爱尔兰岛上赶出去，但这个说法未必可靠，确实爱尔兰没有本土的蛇，包括临近的冰岛、格林兰岛等地。
The Apostle of Ireland. A Romano-Briton born in what is now England, at the age of sixteen he was abducted and taken to Ireland. However, he escaped after six years. He then went to monasteries in France and about the year 432 returned to Ireland as a bishop. He travelled throughout the country preaching, teaching, building churches, establishing monasteries and converting chiefs and bards. He was the first organiser of the Irish Church and was based in Armagh.
• Hosiosmartyr monk PAUL 帕弗罗 of Crete (767/777) of Cyprus, defender of icons
Ὁ Ἅγιος Παῦλος ὁ Ὁσιομάρτυρας ὁ ἐν Κύπρῳ ἀθλήσας
Ὁ Ἅγιος Παῦλος ὁ Ὁσιομάρτυρας
Saint Paul was a monk of Cyprus, who, in the reign of the iconoclastic emperor Constantine Copronymus, refused to trample on a crucifix. He was brutally tortured, hung upside down, and burned to death slowly over a fire.
• Tr. (838) Rel. of Righteous REGINA Countess of Ostrevandt in Hainault, Fndr. of Abbey of Denain (or Denais) near Valenciennes (790)
• Uncovering (866) of relics of Righteous Virgin Martyress REGINA of Burgundy (286)
• Hieromartyr THEODOULOS the Sinaite (1822)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Θεόδουλος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας ὁ Σιναΐτης
• THEOSTERICTUS 德奥斯提里克特 the Confessor, abbot of Pelecete Monastery near Prusa (826) Author of the Small Supplication Canon to the Theotokos
Ὁ Ὅσιος Θεοστήρικτος ὁ Ὁμολογητής
• Nun WITHBURGA (Witburh, Withburge or Withburgh) 维特布尔伽 Anchoress at Holkham and East Dereham in Norfolk (743)
Born a princess, the youngest daughter of King Anna of East Anglia (part of modern England). Following the death of her father in battle, Withburgh became a nun and lived as an anchoress at East Dereham, Norfolk, England. Founded a convent there.
Μνήμη Μεγάλου Σεισμοῦ
Only one major natural disaster struck Constantinople in the period ca. 750-850 A.D. This was the earthquake of February 9, 790 which forced people to sleep outdoors in tents and prompted the imperial family to vacate the imperial palace for a time, but which apparently spared the city the high levels of death and physical destruction caused by earthquakes in earlier decades. Emperor Constantine VI Porphyrogenitos (780-798) and his mother Empress Irene with their family and court went to their residence in St Mamas, located north of the old city in modern-day Besiktas. According to the Great Lavra Codex, Constantinople shook for several days. A large area of the wall of the City fell, churches were cracked and houses fell. The Emperor with the Patriarch and the people did processions with the Honorable Cross, holy relics and three icons, praying and fasting with tears that God would have mercy on them and avert His wrath. The Lord became the hope of all and the shaking of the earth ceased. This earthquake is commemorated annually on March 17th.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
O God, be merciful to me, a sinner.
愿上帝怜恤我罪人
O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God,
for the sake of the prayers
of Thy most pure Mother,
our holy and God-bearing fathers and all the saints, have mercy on us.
Amen.
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Blessed be God.
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