συνοδικός
April 27 / April 14
2019 (7527)
ST. MARTIN THE CONFESSOR, POPE OF ROME (655). MARTYR ARDALION THE ACTOR, WHO SUFFERED UNDER MAXIMIAN (3RD C.). MARTYR AZAT THE EUNUCH AND 1 000 MARTYRS IN PERSIA (341). MARTYRS ANTHONY, JOHN AND EUSTATHIUS OF VILNIUS (LITHUANIA) (1347)
HOLY WEEK: Great Saturday • 聖週六 • Μεγάλη Σάββατο
聖週六，耶穌受難日的隔天，復活節的前一天，聖週的最後一天。它是紀念耶穌死後，屍體放在墓穴的那一天。
On Holy and Great Saturday, we celebrate the Burial of the Divine Body of our Lord and God and Savior Jesus Christ, and His descent into Hades, through which our race was recalled from corruption, and was transplanted to eternal life. The Great Sabbath since it is on this day that Christ "rested" physically in the tomb. But it is also believed that it was on this day he performed in spirit the Harrowing of Hell and raised up to Paradise, having liberated those who had been held captive.
• 维尔纽斯地方的圣母像纪念日 "VILNA" Icon of the Mother of God (1495)
Σύναξις Ὑπεραγίας Θεοτόκου ἐν Βιλὲνσκ Ρωσίας
The Vilnius (Vilna) Icon of the Mother of God was written by the holy Evangelist Luke. For a long time it was in the family of the Greek emperors at Constantinople. In 1472 Sophia Paleologina, wife of Great Prince Ivan III, transferred the icon to Moscow. In 1495 the Great Prince blessed his daughter Elena with this icon before giving her in marriage to Lithuanian King Alexander. The Church celebrates the transfer of this icon to Vilnius on February 15. Later, the holy icon was placed in the church of St John the Forerunner, in which Princess Elena was buried. Afterwards, the icon was transferred to Vilnius’s Holy Trinity Monastery. The Vilnius icon is also commemorated on February 15.
• The Icon of Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn (1431) called OSTROBRAMSKA in the Chapel of the Gate of Dawn in Vilnius, Lithuania
The Virgin Mary is depicted without the infant Jesus. According to historian Teodor Narbutt (1784–1864), the painting was acquired by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1345–1377), as a war trophy from Crimea. This note, based on dubious sources, along with dark colors of the painting that resembled Byzantine icons, inspired 19th-century Russian historians to claim that the painting was Orthodox and not Roman Catholic. This theory was popularized in various articles, brochures, studies and is sometimes quoted today.
• Venerable ANTIPAS of Calapodeşti // JAN 10 //
• CALLINICUS of Cernica, bishop of Râmnic // APR 11 //
• PACHOMIUS of Gledin, bishop of Roman // APR 14 //
• SIMEON Stephan, metropolitan of Transylvania // APR 24 //
• Venerable BASIL of Poiana Mărului // APR 25 //
• Venerable IRODION of Lainici // MAY 3 //
• JACOB of Putna, Metropolitan of Moldavia // MAY 15 //
• Venerables SILAS, PAISIOS and NATHAN from Putna Hermitage // MAY 16 // • LEONTIUS of Rădăuţi //JUL 1 //
• Ruler Prince STEPHAN the Great // JUL 2 //
• Martyrs EPICTETUS the priest and ASTION the deacon // JUL 8 //
• Venerables RAPHAEL and PARTHENIOS of Old Agapia // JUL 21 //
• Venerable IOANNIKIOS the New of Muscel // 26 JUL //
• Venerable JOHN JACOB of Neamţ // AUG 5 //
• Venerable THEODORA of Sihla // AUG 7 //
• Ruler Prince CONSTANTINE Brâncoveanu and his 4 Sons: CONSTANTINE, STEPHAN, RADU, MATTHEW and his counsellor IANACHE // AUG 16 //
Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu was beheaded in 1714 by the Ottomans together with his four sons and his counsellor Ianache Văcărescu because they did not renounce their Christian faith. He then became one of the most beloved princes of Romanian history and presently is one of the most venerated saints in the country. The anniversary of 300 years from the martyrdom occasioned a rich and original iconographic production developed either by analogy with established themes of the Byzantine tradition (Beheading of St. John the Baptist) or by integrating classical iconographic themes (Mandylion, Jesus’ Vine, Deisis) and martyrdom scenes as recorded in chronicles and historical writings.
• Venerable JOSEPH of Văratec // AUG 16 //
• VARLAAM metropolitan of Moldavia // AUG 30 //
• Venerable DIONYSIUS Exiguous – the Humble // SEP 1 //
• Venerables NEOPHYTE and MELETIOS from Stânişoara Monastery // SEP 5 //
• Venerables SIMEON and AMPHILOCHIUS of Pângăraţi // SEP 7 //
• Holy Venerable KYRIAKOS of Tazlău // SEP 9 //
• Ruler Prince NEAGOE Basarab // SEP 26 //
• Hieromartyr ANTHIMOS of Iviria, metropolitan of Wallachia // SEP 27 //
• Venerables JOSEPH and KYRIAKOS of Bisericani // OCT 1 //
• Venerables DANIEL and MISHAEL from Turnu Monastery // OCT 5 //
• HYACINTH of Vicina, metropolitan of Wallachia // OCT 28 //
• Holy Confessors and Martyrs of Năsăud: ATHANASIUS Todoran of Bichigiu, BASIL of Mocod, GREGORY of Zagra and BASIL of Telciu // NOV 12 //
• ANDREI Şaguna, metropolitan of Transylvania // NOV 30 //
• Venerable DANIEL the Hermit // DEC 18 //
• Venerable NICODEMUS of Tismana // DEC 26 //
Οἱ Ἅγιοι Ἀρίσταρχος, Πούδης καὶ Τρόφιμος οἱ Ἀπόστολοι ἐκ τοὺς ἑβδομήκοντα
All three are mentioned by name by the Apostle Paul. Aristarchus is mentioned in Acts 19:29, Colossians 4:10 and Philemon 24. He was bishop of Apamea in Syria; St Paul calls him "my fellow-prisoner" and "my fellow-laborer". Pudens is mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21. He was a prominent Roman citizen who gave refuge to Christians; his house was first a place of refuge for the Apostles, then one of the first churches in Rome. Trophimus is mentioned with Pudens in 2 Timothy 4:21, and in Acts 21:29, where we learn that he was from Ephesus. He accompanied the Apostle Paul on some of his missions. All three, like St Paul, were beheaded during Nero's persecutions.
• TRYPHAENA (Triphena, Tryphena, Triphene, Tryphaine, Triphaina or Tryphaenes), Dcn., and TRYPHOSA of Iconium in Lycaonia (1st c.)
• Martyrs TIBURTIUS, VALERIAN and MAXIMUS (3rd c.) in Rome
• Martyrs QUIRIACUS (Cyriacus), DIOCLETIANUS, SYMPHRONIUS, DOCIMUS
• VMM MARCIA, DOMNINA and many other Virgins together with MM PROCULUS, APOLLONIUS and EPHEBUS at Terni (Interamna) in Umbria (3rd c.) Italy
• Martyrs CARPUS Bishop of Thyatira, in Asia Minor, PAPYLUS his Deacon, and AGATHODORUS their Servant
In the persecution of Decius, in 251, they were apprehended and brought before Valerius, governor of Lesser Asia, who resided sometimes at Thyatira, sometimes at Sardis. The martyrs suffered much in dungeons in both those cities, and underwent three severe examinations; in the third, to intimidate the masters, Agathodorus was, in their presence; scourged to death with bull’s sinews. When the proconsul went to Pergamus, which city was the birth-place both of the bishop and his deacon, the two saints were dragged thither, and first the bishop, then the deacon, was beaten with knotty clubs, their sides burnt with torches, and the wounds rubbed over with salt. Some days after they were laid on iron spikes, their sides were again torn, and at length both were consumed by the flames, together with Agathonice, a sister of Papylus.
• VM DOMNINA and Maiden Companions (269) martyred in Terni of Umbria in Italy at the same time as Bishop Valentine: Martyrs APOLLONIUS, EPHEBUS, OPTATUS, PATUS, SATURNINUS, FRONTINUS, Martyress MACARIA (Marcia), Martyrs CORNELIUS, CONDITOR, TITULUS, PROCULUS, VALENTINUS, PRODUCTUS, LAURINUS, Martyresses DOMNINA and other one, Martyr VALERIANUS
• Martyrs OPTATUS, ARCILAUS, SYMPHRONIUS, FRONTINUS, MAXIMUS, Martyresses DECIMA, MARCIA, CORNELIA, FORTUNATA, Martyrs DONATUS, TIBURBIUS, VALENTUS
• Martyr AZAT 阿匝特 the Eunuch and 1 000 Martyrs in Persia (341)
Saint Azades (Azat) was a wealthy man who served in the household of King Shapur II of Persia, and enjoyed his confidence. He was arrested for professing Christianity, and then suffered martyrdom with 1 000 other Christians. After this, the king repented and ordered an end to the persecution of Christians.
• CYRIACUS 基里雅科 bishop of Jerusalem (4th c.) and his mother Martyress ANNA
• Hieromartyrs Confessor Bishops SERGIY, PIR and THEODOR who were exiled to the Crimean peninsula together with St Martin the Confessor, Pope of Rome (655) // TWO CONFESSOR BISHOPS APRIL 13 //
• Martyrs ANTHONY 安托尼, JOHN 约翰 and EUSTATHIUS 艾弗斯塔提 of Vilnius, Lithuania (1347)
Οἱ Ἅγιοι Ἀντώνιος, Ἰωάννης καὶ Εὐστάθιος οἱ Μάρτυρες
殉道者，圣安托尼、约安和欧斯塔斯（艾弗斯塔提）
起初，他们原来都是异教徒，并敬拜火神。他们全都是立陶宛维尔纳的奥尔加德王子的仆人。起初他们的名字是科鲁格雷兹、库枚兹和内兹罗。司祭奈斯托尔为他们三人进行了施浸。公元1347年，他们三人一个接一个地被吊死在橡树上。基督徒将他们从树上取下来，并在他们遭难的地方建立了圣三者教堂，并将他们三人的圣髑安放在教堂中，而圣坛则是用那三棵吊死他们的橡树雕刻而成的。他们三人的圣髑被保存在维尔纳。
They were three noblemen of Lithuania, and the two first brothers, commonly called in that country, KRUGLETZ (Antony, Kukley), KUMETZ (John, Milhey) and NEZILO (Eustace, Nizilon). They were all three chamberlains to Olgerd, the great duke of Lithuania, who governed that country from the year 1329 to 1381, and was father of the famous Jagello. They also attended on the great duchess, and were worshippers of fire, according to the idolatrous superstition of that country, till they had the happiness to be converted to the Christian faith, and baptized by a priest called Nestorius. For refusing to eat forbidden meats on fast-days, they were cast into prison, and, after many trials, put to death by order of Olgerd, the great duke; John, the eldest of them, on the 24th of April; his brother Antony on the 14th of June; Eustachius, who was then young, on the 13th of December. This last had suffered many other torments before his execution, having been beaten with clubs, had his legs broken, and the hair and skin of his head violently torn off, because he would not suffer his hair to be shaved, according to the custom of the heathens. They suffered at Vilna, about the year 1342, and were buried in the church of the Holy Trinity. Their bodies still remain in that church, which is served by Basilian monks; but their heads were translated to the cathedral. The great oak tree on which they were hanged had long been the usual place of execution of malefactors; but, after their martyrdom, the Christians obtained a grant of it from the prince, and built a church upon the spot. Their feast is kept at Vilna on the 14th of April, and they are regarded as the particular patrons of that city.
• New Martyr SERGIUS 塞尔吉 Trofimov, of Nizhni-Novgorod and one with him (1918)
• Hieromartyr ALEXANDER 亚历山大 Orlov, confessor, priest (1878-1941) spiritual father of Blessed Matrona of Anemn’asevo; day of death in selo Shejanki of R’azan’
Saint Abundius was sacristan (mansionarius) of the Church of Saint Peter in Rome. His humble, but divinely favored life, is described by Saint Gregory the Great.
• Martyr ARDALION 阿尔达利翁 the Actor who suffered under Maximian (305-311)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀρδαλίων ὁ Μάρτυρας ὁ μῖμος
殉道的演员阿尔达利昂
起初，阿尔达利昂是一名喜剧演员。为了娱乐人们，他一直扮演为基督遭难的殉道者，而这是对基督徒的侮辱。在马克西米安在位期间开始了对基督徒的迫害运动，而阿尔达利昂却完全地改变了自己。他当众大声宣称自己是基督徒，并声称，这不是演戏。为此，阿尔达利昂受到了宣判，被绑到一个烧红的铁架上被活活烧死，为基督而遭受了磨难。由此，阿尔达利昂真正地扮演了为基督殉道的角色。
He was a comic actor whose specialty was an act which mocked the Christian martyrs. But during an especially fierce persecution under the Emperor Maximian, his heart was changed in an unknown way, and during one of his performances he called out to the crowd that he was a Christian and that they must not laugh. For this, Ardalion was arrested and tried, and died by torture, as the Prologue says, "playing the role of martyr in very truth and with honour". He was roasted alive in the public square (under Maximian). It appears likely that this is a legend based on a true story, but found with several names.
• Sainted BACCHYLUS Bishop of Korinth (198)
• Hosiosmartyr monk CHRISTOPHER 赫里斯托佛尔 of Mar Sabbas (797)
• New Martyr DEMETRIUS 迪弥特里 of the Peloponnesus, who suffered at Tripoli (1803)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Δημήτριος ὁ Νεομάρτυρας
• Martyr DEMETRIUS Qipiani (1887) Georgia
• VM ENGRATIA (Encratis, Encratide, Grace, Engracia, Encratia) at Zaragoza, Confessor (304)
• EUTHYMIUS Wonderworker
• FRONTO (Frontom)of Nitria, Hermit (2nd c.)
A desert father of Nitria, Egypt. In art, Saint Fronto is a pilgrim with a large hat, birch, and crucifix.
• LAMBERT (Landebert) of Lyons (688)
Born in northern France; died in Lyons, 688. Saint Lambert was raised at the court of Clotaire III before becoming a monk at Fontenelle under Saint Wandregisilis (Wandrille), whom he succeeded as abbot in 666. Then, in 678, he became successor of Saint Genesius as archbishop of Lyons.
• Sainted 玛尔提诺 MARTIN I the Confessor, pope of Rome (655)
Ὁ Ἅγιος Μαρτίνος πάπας Ρώμης
宣信者，罗马教宗马丁
马丁于公元649年7月5日接任教宗，当时正值东正教和基督一志论展开激烈的辩论时期；基督一志论主张基督只有一个意志。当时正是希拉克略的孙子康斯坦斯二世在位期间。当时君士坦丁堡的牧首是帕弗罗。为了在教会中建立和平，皇帝编纂了一本《教义规范诏书》，这本书支持异端的立场。教宗马丁召集了105位主教（在拉特兰宫的圣救世主教堂，10月份），强烈谴责这本书。与此同时，马丁教宗致信帕弗罗牧首，要求他维护正教信仰，并劝说皇帝放弃异端邪说。这封信激恼了帕弗罗和皇帝。皇帝派遣其中一个指挥官奥林皮乌斯前往罗马将教宗押解君士坦丁堡。指挥官不敢捆绑教宗，但是却贿赂士兵前往教堂暗杀教宗。当这个士兵带着利剑来到教堂时，他立即瞎了眼睛。这样，在上帝的天意下，教宗逃脱了死亡。就在那时，撒拉逊人袭击了西西里，奥林皮乌斯被派遣到西西里，并战死在沙场。在邪恶的牧首帕弗罗的阴谋之下，皇帝又派遣另一名指挥官德奥多若前去捉拿教宗马丁，押解到君士坦丁堡，指控他同撒拉逊人共谋，且不虔敬圣母。当指挥官到达罗马后宣读了指控，教宗马丁回答说：“这纯粹是污蔑，撒拉逊人是基督教的敌人，我同撒拉逊人没有任何联系。如果谁不虔敬圣母、不承认圣母、不敬拜圣母，那么，让他今生和后生都遭到诅咒。”不管怎样，这并没有改变指挥官的决定。教宗马丁被捆绑押解到了君士坦丁堡，长时间呆在监狱中；期间他忍受了痛苦的疾病、焦虑以及饥饿，最后被流放到赫尔松。教宗马丁在流放生活中渡过了两年的时间，于公元655年去世，将灵魂交给了他服侍的上帝。牧首帕弗罗早在教宗马丁去世的前两年就去世了。当皇帝访问他时，他却背身转向墙壁痛苦，承认他对教宗帕弗罗犯下了严重的罪，并要求皇帝将马丁释放。
• MARY of Egypt, Pen. (530)
• PACHOMIUS of Gledin, Bishop of Romania (1674-1724)
The contacts with the scholars from Kiev and especially with St Dimitrij (Demetrius) of Rostov meant not only a good study, but also a spiritual experience. The most intense meeting with the Russian hierarch is described by Pahomie himself. St Dimitrij asked him once: “what wishes your heart? And I told him that it wishes a life of silence in the solitude. And then he blessed me from all his heart and said to me: May that God be with you. Your wish is happening”.
• Hieromartyr Bishop PROCULUS of Terni (319) Italy, suffered martyrdom under Maxentius
• TASSACH (Asicus) of Raholp (495) of St Patrick's earliest disciples and 1st Bishop of Raholp in Ireland
Tassach was a disciple of Saint Patrick, who appointed him as the first bishop of Raholp, County Down, Ireland. He was a skilled artisan who made croziers, patens, chalices, credences, shrines, and crosses for the many churches Patrick founded. He gave the last rites to the dying Patrick. He is often confused with Saint Asicus of Elphin, who had the same skills and is said to have died the same year.
• Martyress THOMAÏS of Alexandria (476) the wife of an Alexandrian fisherman, St Thomais was tempted to an act of impurity by her father-in-law, who murdered her when she refused to comply
Ἡ Ἁγία Θωμαΐς ἡ Μάρτυς
St Thomais is invoked by those seeking deliverance from sexual impurity. Other saints whose intercession we seek for this purpose are: St John the Much-Suffering (July 18) and St Moses the Hungarian (July 26).
SYNAXARION FOR HOLY AND GREAT SATURDAY
By Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos
Of all the days the Holy and Great Forty Day Fast is the most distinguished, but more than the Holy Forty Day Fast the Holy and Great Passion Week is exalted, and more than the days of Holy Week Great and Holy Saturday is the most exalted. This week is called great not because these days or hours are more exalted but because the great, portentous and extraordinary deeds of our Savior were accomplished during this week, but especially on this day.
Yet, as during the first creation of the world God created all creation in six days and on the sixth day he created the final and entirely perfect creature, Man, and then on the seventh he rested from all His work, thus sanctifying this day, calling it the Sabbath Day, which means rest. Thus He sanctified the workmanship of the intelligible world, all wonderfully done (the action of redemption), and on the sixth day (Friday) "refashioning" the corrupted man and renewing him through His life-bearing Cross and death. The Lord really rested again on the seventh day with the complete rest from His works, having reposed in a way that is life-producing and saving for our nature. Therefore God the Word descended into the tomb in the flesh and descended into Hades with His immortal and divine soul, which was separated from the body after death. He delivered His soul into the hands of the Father. He freely offered His own blood in order to bring about our deliverance.
But the soul of the Lord was not held captive in Hades as were the souls of the other holy ones. Why? Because He never participated in the curse of the Forefather as those did. Our enemy the devil did not even touch the blood by which we are redeemed even though he owned us as much as he could, and did not the devil like a predator seize the One sent from God, but God Himself? However, our Lord Jesus Christ was bodily placed in the tomb with His Divinity which was completely united with the flesh, but He was also in paradise with the thief and, as it is told, in Hades with His deifying soul, supernaturally co-presiding with the Father and the Holy Spirit, He was everywhere as the uncircumscribed God, and the Divinity did not suffer at all neither in the tomb nor on the cross. The Lord's body was tested and the corruption, i.e. the separation of the soul from the body, did not destroy the flesh and corrode its members.
In Thy ineffable condescension, O Christ our God, have mercy on us. Amen.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
O God, be merciful to me, a sinner.
愿上帝怜恤我罪人
O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God,
for the sake of the prayers
of Thy most pure Mother,
our holy and God-bearing fathers and all the saints, have mercy on us.
Amen.
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Blessed be God.
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